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Bashgali Grammar 
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4. The following examples show that a feminine seems recognised 
mancM-e ushp brl, 
ishtrz mri, 
shtale Vhunzti mrll, 
mari perongi, 
m bra jugur dwri, 
A man took a horse. 
A woman has died. 
Perhaps the Queen will die. 
The stick is broken. 
My brother took a wife. 
In the above instances the terminal of the Verb has been changed 
from a to t to agree with the feminine Noun. Two examples contradict¬ 
ing the above are in the sentences, namely— 
ushp mm, The horse died. 
gao mm, The cow died. 
5. Dr. Trumpp was doubtful whether Nouns and Adjectives had 
any gender; he says “ so much is clear that the terminations of 
Adjectives do not change according to the gender of Substantives.” 
Sir George Robertson says he is uncertain whether any feminine is 
really recognised, but he is sure that some changes are made in Adjectives 
in connection with the Substantive which they qualify, perhaps only for 
the sake of euphony. 
6. The Substantive has the following states in declension :— 
(i) The Subject, viz., Nominative or Agent. 
(ii) Genitive (of), dative (to), ablative (from, etc.), locative 
(in, etc.). 
(iii) Accusative. 
(iv) Vocative. 
7. The Nominative singular and plural are often identical. 
8. The Oblique cases are formed by adding certain post-positions 
(see para. 63) to the inflected cases. 
9. The Nominative or Agent precedes the Accusative and Verb; 
as tos't pitr to latri psetai, thy father lost thy property. 
10. Whether the Bashgali (like the Arabic and Sanskrit) recognises 
the Agent (instrumental) case or no, in sentences where transitive Verbs 
are used in the Past Tenses, or whether it follows the Persian construc¬ 
tion, is not clear. By the Agent * form, is meant the idiomatic inversion 
of the sentence, by which the Verb is rendered passively, and agrees in 
* The Agent case is the case with ne in Urdu, when the post-position ko is not 
used with the Noun, which is the object. 
