11] 
Substantives—Declension. 
S 
gender with the real object, if any, the object (accusative) becoming the 
subject and being rendered in the Nominative. When no Nominative is 
expressed the Verb is impersonally in the singular masculine form. Thus 
“ he killed the horse ” would become “ the horse was killed by him.” 
Dr, Trumpp came to the conclusion that the Agent was used in 
the dialect of which he wrote ; that in the singular it was not inflected 
(being identical with the Nominative) ; and that in the plural it took 
the termination d. Dr. Grierson thinks the Agent is used in Bashgali. 
I applied very many test sentences and sometimes found it apparently 
used and at other times not. The following* sentences seem to show the 
Agent is used :—* 
1. id bra jugur awn, 
2. %hl mare last urr bri t f 
3. manohi-e id ushp bn, 
4. manchie wish ptess, 
5. ots host susnl awarl, 
My brother took a wife. 
A kite took off: my partridge. 
A man took off my horse. 
The man gave medicine. 
I brought a handkerchief. 
The following seem to show that the Agent is not used, or, at all 
events, the Agent is the same as the Nominative 
» 
mehar band krissd, The ruler has imprisoned him. 
marir jawdr idrd, The boy has eaten Indian corn. 
Aoghdni digarpilingl kress, The Afghans have done injury. 
mehar shtri awariss, The ruler took a wife. 
11. 3£han Sahib Abdul Hakim Khan,! who has made some transla¬ 
tions into Bashgali, informs me he thinks the Agent is not used. He has 
favoured me with translations of the following test sentences 
Thou hast made my cloth dirty, Tu ista basend mul krd. 
She has cooked my food, Ashe igd buti hard. 
Who has caught the thieves ? Shtar ku wanemia, ? 
We have caught one thief, JSma e shtar wanemia . 
He has washed my dirty cloth, Aske ista mul basena nigd. 
* The following examples occur in Sir G. Robertson’s manuscript papers: manchi 
uzhur duga jugur awfi, the man has brought a woman for medicine, and Utah ano 
aivrd, Utah has brought ghi. 
■f In another instance, viz., zh l mare davniti gwd, the kite haying caught (it) 
went, zhi mare is masculine, and, if so, in example 2 brl seems to agree with urr. 
X His transliteration differs from mine in some words. 1 
b 2 
