4 
BashgalI Grammar, 
[12- 
He has cleaned my gun, 
Who has given yon medicine ? 
I hear your speech now, 
I yesterday heard yonr speech, 
Yon yesterday said some words to 
Chanlu, 
When yon arrived yesterday I had 
not eaten my food, 
My brother had killed his danghter 
when I arrived, 
My danghter had eaten the fruit 
when Mirak came yesterday, 
He fired two gnns, 
Yon men have brought good wood, 
Thon hast killed my cock, 
The father killed his own son, 
The father is killing his own son, 
Tbe horse has eaten all the grass. 
The horse is eating the grass, 
Ashe ista tapka sagdya. 
To ge ddriu ku ptesesh ? 
O tu vari ishtrak kar tenum. 
I tu vari dus sangdisi. 
Bus GhSlu ta tu kai mdr nazush 
ba. 
Tu dus preishtS i yash na 
yaressi. 
0 parimdd ista bra askesta jus 
jar is si. 
Dus Mirak dzitta ista ju kach- 
wech yarissi. 
Aske du tapka barkstara, 
Shd manchiS le dao averestai. 
Tu ista nai-kakak jar id. 
Tot amu pitras jaria. 
Tot amu pitf jar ana. 
Ushpe sundi yus yarissi. 
TJshpe yus yuno. 
12. In mentioning the difficulty of ascertaining, for a certainty, 
whether the Agent form is used or not, it may he noted that there are 
many parts of India where the Agent form is not understood, and not 
used by the country folk, who are very far more advanced in grammatical 
notions than are the Kafirs. 
13. The genitive has often no suffix,* being recognised merely by 
apposition, the Noun, which is in the genitive, being placed before that 
which governs it; as— 
Mirak amu, The house of Mirak. 
Ushp kudum , The work of a horse (grooming). 
Sometimes the suffix i, e, ie, st, est, es or s is applied, as ma,ncJii*est t of 
a man ; mehr'st patti, letter of the Ruler. 
* Kafirs often dispense with suffixes and post-positions when the meaning is 
quite clear without them. 
