16 
.Bashgal" Grammar, 
[ 42 — 
42. The Participle Past or Conjunctive Participle—(having eaten)— 
is nsnally formed from the root by adding atz, etz, ztz, ott, uti, or 
tz or dz only, as, nishztz, having sat, yu-ti , having eaten, achun-dz, having 
run, wanam-dz , having caught. It is used as tbe equivalent of a Verb 
followed by a Conjunction, as burl yutl gwd, having eaten food he went, 
or, he ate his food and went, or, as soon as he had eaten his food he went. 
The termination is sometimes ta, ta. 
48. The Indicative Present-—(I am doing)—is formed from the root by 
adding (together with a consonant or a vowel, for euphony, if necessary) 
nam or nom, tarn or thum, or am ; as, kunam, I am doing, widartam or 
ividaram, I fear. 
It is often used in a Future sense. Its terminals are— 
Singular. 
1. am. 
2. nj, nch, ch, sh , njz, 
nchz, etc. 
3. nn, tt, ttett. 
Plural. 
mish , m&. 
™ LZ oj /v 
er, ur, or, ar, ir. 
nt, nd, tt, ttett. 
44. The Future— (I will or shall take)—is formed from the root by 
adding lorn, as, awelom , I will take. 
Its terminals * are— 
Singular. 
1. lorn. 
2. losh. 
3. la. 
The terminal la becomes U when used with feminine nouns. 
45. The Imperfect—(I was doing, I used to do, I would do, I would 
have done)—is formed from the root by adding azzam or assam , pre¬ 
ceded, if necessary, by some consonant (n and r being favourites) for 
euphony, as, I was doing, ku nazzam. Its terminals are— 
Plural. 
Singular. 
azzamish. 
1. azzam. 
2. azzish. 
3. azzz. 
/v 
azzar. 
azzz. 
46. Past Indefinite—(I made or have made)—is formed from the root 
by adding a, or ah, or oh, or o (sometimes for euphony on), preceded, if 
* I never heard the terminal lilc which Dr. Trumpp gives. 
t The l is sometimes not pronounced ; sometimes the pronunciation is enlr, 
onlr, unlr t if such a sound can be pronounced by Englishmen. 
