Remarks on the Bolor Country. 
191 
a map which locates the town of Bolor 200 versts north of the town of 
Chitral and 100 versts east-north-east of the town of Badakhshan. 
Strangforb Viscount. — Pro., B.G.S., London, Volume XIII of 1868. 
— Severely criticises the papers above referred to by Veniukoff. 
Yule, Colonel H., C.B.— The Booh of Ser Marco Polo ( translated ), 
London t 1871. —Marco Polo locates the country of Bolor E. N. E. of the 
Pamer, peopled by savage idolaters who “ are in truth an evil race ” ; but, 
in a map of Marco Polo’s itineraries at page 168 of Volume I, the town of 
Bolor is shown at least two degrees North of Kafiristan and two degrees 
West of Pamer. Bolor possibly included Balti and the mountains adjoin¬ 
ing Pamer. 
Yule, Colonel H., C.B.— P.G.S., London, 1872 , Volume XLII. — 
Reviews various works, devoting 7 pages to the proper locality of Bolor. 
Shaw, R. B. (E.R.G.S.) — Central Asia in 1872. Pro., B.G.S., 1872. 
—The City of Bolor may now be allowed to “ fade into a mist of 
confusion.” 
Rawlinson, Sir H.— Monograph on the Oxus. Journal R.G.S., 
Volume XLII, 1872. —Part of this is written to show that there has been 
a series of misconceptions regarding the locality of Bolor, a name in use 
from 10th to 17th century, but obsolete ever since. It is the pivot for 
much spurious geography in Central Asia. 
Michell, R.— Russian Expedition to Alai and Pamirs. B.G.S., 
Volume XLVIl, 1877. 
Pearse, Major H.— Memoirs of Alexander Gardner, 1898. 
Biddulph, Colonel. — Tribes of the Hindoo Koosh : 1880. —Bolor had 
its centre in Skardo, which is commonly called Palor, or Balors or Baloruts. 
Holdich, Colonel Sir T. (R.E.)—■ Proceedings Pamir Boundary Com - 
mission of 1896, Calcutta, 1897. —The name of the great meridional water¬ 
shed dividing the Oxus basin from the plains of Kashgar has varied 
through different periods of history. Its classical name was Taurus 
and its medievaj name Bolor Tagh; in more recent years the Nezatash 
or Pamir or Sindi Range ; and latterly Sarikol. It now forms China’s 
west boundary. The Pamirs formed part of the medieval kingdom 
of Bolor, which again was part of the Yuchi Empire of Tokharistan. 
The limits of Bolor are clearly given in the Tarikh-i-Rashldi by Mirza 
Haidar, cousin of the Emperor Babar. The country of Bolor then (1525 
A.D.) was bounded east by Kashgar and Yarkand, north by Badakhshan, 
west by Kabul, and south by Kashmir. It was inhabited by a class of 
