1904 .] 
Numismatic Supplement. 
237 
guess—it is only a guess—that the other three margins bore the 
names of the other three Khalifas, Abu Bakr, ‘Omar, and ‘Ali. Until 
better specimens come to hand, it is impossible to say whether—as on 
the coins of Shah Jahan I.—the distinctive virtues of the Khalifas 
were associated with their names. 
Features. The following five features merit special attention 
since serving to divide the coins of this series into three more or less 
definitely marked classes. 
1. On the obverse the ahain of is written either with a 
«* 
fairly small curve containing no dots, or with a large curve 
bearing in its bosom a varying number of dots. 
2. On the obverse over the he of the word A+ss' 0 a cross of slightly 
differing forms may, or may not, be present. 
3. On the obverse the re of j£\ takes an unusual upward flourish, 
4. On the obverse over this strange re oi stands a leaf-like 
or arrow-like ornament, thus <j>. 
5. On both the obverse and the reverse over the dal of is a 
St. Andrew’s Cross, also of varying forms. 
Having regard to these five features we find that— 
A. Early Coins, dated between the years 989 and 1000 H., 
(a) have no dots in the curve of the aliain : 
{ b ) have (until 997 H.) no cross over on obverse : 
(c ) have only a moderate upward flourish of the re: 
( d ) have the arrow-ornament slanting to the right: 
(e) have the St. Andrew’s Cross tipped with dots or (later) small 
circles, thus ^ ^ PL III. 6. 7. 8. 9. 
B. Intermediate Coins, dated between the years 1000 and 1027 H., 
(a) have from 4 to 7 dots in the curve of ahain : 
( b ) have a cross, often like rf« over on obverse : 
(c) have a more elongated upward flourish of the re : 
(i d ) have until 1020 H. the arrow slanting to the right, but after 
that year perpendicular: 
(e) have a St. Andrew’s Cross composed of closed curves 
thus ^ PI* I-** 
C. Late Coins, dated between the years 1215 and 1217 H. 
(a) have an enlarged curve for ghain , and in its bosom 8 or 9 
dots : 
( b) have a cross resembling an inverted tripod fp over on 
obverse : 
