1904.] 
W. Irvine —The Later Muahals. 
289 
Without attempting to carry very far back the history of these Jat 
depredations, we find, without question, that in the reign of Shahjalian 
(1047 H., 1637), they killed Murshid Qull Khan, the faujdar of 
Mathura, during an attack on one of their strongholds. In the next 
reign, that of ‘Alamgir, they several times gave trouble. In Zu-1 Hijjali 
1079 H. (April 1669) another faujdar, 1 Abd-un-nabi, lost his life in an 
attack on a village called Sorah, the home of a Jat freebooter named 
Kokala, who had raided the town of Sa’dabad in the Duabah. ‘Alamgir 
marched in person from Agrah, and sent on before him a new faujdar, 
Hasan ‘All Khan, son of AllahwirdI Khan. Kokala and a follower of 
his, Sank!, were captured and executed, limb being torn from limb; 
Kokala’s daughter was married to the Emperor’s favourite slave, and 
his son was made a Mahomedan. 1 
‘Alamgir’s prolonged absence in the Dakhin speedily weakened the 
imperial authority in Northern India. In their master’s absence the 
provincial governors took their ease and winked at abuses. Favoured 
by this negligence, the Jats resumed their depredations. At length in 
1099 H. (1687-8) 3 Khan Jahan, Zafar Jang, Kokaltash, and Prince 
Bedar Bakht, son of A‘zam Shah, were sent from the Dakhin to restore 
order. At this time the chief stronghold of the Jats was at a village 
called Sansanl, eight miles south of Dig, and sixteen miles north¬ 
west of Bhartpur. 3 This place was taken on the 15th Ramazan 1099 H. 
(14th July, 1688), the chief, Raja Ram, was killed, and his head sent to 
the Emperor. Prince Shah ‘Alam, when he was put in charge of the 
Agrah siibah in the thirty-ninth year, i.e ., 1106 H. (1694), also had 
trouble with the Jats. Bhajja, the father of Curaman, is the next leader 
of whom we hear, and his abode was also at Sansanl. In the forty-ninth 
year of ‘Alamgir’s reign, 2nd Rajab 1117 H. (19th October, 1705), Sansanl 
was destroyed a second or third time by Mukhtar Khan, the then siibahdar 
of Agrah ; and shortly afterwards, on the 18th Ramazan 1119 H. (13th 
December, 1707), Riza Bahadur attacked it again, sending in ten carts 
filled with weapons and one thousand heads. 4 
When Bahadur Shah and his brother, A’zam Shah, took the field 
travellers, including the wife of Amln-ud-Dln, Sambhall, had collected. In 1712 
the Dutch envoy and his party also found the road infested by robbers, who were, 
no doubt, Jats, F. Valentyn IV, 302. The same state of things is reported in the 
diary of our own envoy, John Surman, a year or two afterwards, Orme Collections, 
p. 1694, entries of the 8th, 16th, 26th, and 30th June 1715. 
1 Ma,asir-ul-umard , I, 540, Padshahnamah , I, 7, Mirza Muhammad, 294. 
3 Khafi IQian, II, 316, has 1095 H. (1683), but the Ma,dsir-i-‘Alamgln is a prefer¬ 
able authority. 
3 It is still in the Bhartpur Rajah’s territory. 
4 Cura, or more politely Curaman, son of Bhajja, of Sansanl, had by this time 
