305 
1904.] W. Irvine— The Later Mughals, 
began bis march for Malwali. Farrukhsiyar, himself the most coward¬ 
ly of men, looked on this feat as heroic, and Muhammad Murad became 
at once in his eyes the right man for a desperate undertaking. Possibly 
there is some truth in the above story, as accounting for Muhammad 
Murad’s exaltation, for the time of his rise and of Muhammad Amin 
Khan’s departure coincide almost exactly. 1 
This Muhammad Murad, already a man of about sixty-two years 
of age, was a native of Kashmir, of the tribe called Audard. 2 For a 
time he was in the employment of Mir Malik Husain, Khan Jahau, 
Kokaltash, 3 the foster brother of ‘Alamgir, and was agent at Court for 
that noble’s son, Sipahdar Khan. Next, he entered the imperial service 
with a mansab of 300, but in a year or two was dismissed. On this he 
came to Lahor, where Muta’mad Khan (Mirza Rustam) 4 was deputy 
governor for Prince Muhammad Mu’azzam (afterwards Bahadur 
Shah), and obtained an introduction through Lala Shiu Das, Khatri, 
the governor’s chief man of business. The rank of 500 was obtained 
for him. Kbwajali Muhammad Amin, Kashmiri, who had once 
been also in Khan Jahan Kokaltash’s service, having replaced 
Muta’mad Khan at Lahor, Muhammad Murad’s fortunes improved, for 
he was of the same place and race as the new deputy. This happy state 
of things lasted only for a year or two, until Khwajah Muhammad 
Amin fell into disgrace, when Muhammad Murad retired to Dihli, 
where he lived in obscurity. On Mun’im Khan’s appointment, first as 
Diwan to Prince Mu’azzam, Shah ‘Alam, and then as his deputy at 
Lahor, Muhammad Murad, being an old friend of his, was restored 
to the service and returned to Lahor, until the two men quarrelled, 
when he came back to Dihli. 5 
Not long after this time ‘Alamgir died, and Prince Mu’azzam, 
Shah ‘Alam, with Mun’im Khan in his train, passed through Dihli on 
his way to Agrah; and Muhammad Murad attached himself to their 
camp. After the victory of Jajau, Mun’im Khan obtained for his old 
friend the rank of 1,000, and the title of Wakalat Khan, with the 
see Ma,dsir-ul-umard, I, 162, and for his son, Asaf (or Safi) Khan, d. 1105 H., id. II, 
470. For Fidae Kh an, see Ma,dsir-ul-umard II, 745. 
1 Khafi Khan, II, 787 ; Kamwar Khan, 174, 25th Zu,l Hijjah, 1129 H. (29th 
November, 1717); Mirza Muhammad, 337-8 ; Ma,dsir-ul-umard, I., 339. 
2 Ibbetson, para. 557, gives the names of ten Kashmiri tribes j the only one 
approaching Audard is the ninth, viz. Warde. 
8 Ma,d8ir-ul-umardj I., 798. This Khan Jahan died in 1109 H. (1697). 
4 Muta’mad Khan (Rustam) was the father of Mirza Muhammad, the historian. 
5 Mirza Muhammad, 331; Ahwal ul-khaivdqin, 126a ; Ma y d^ir-ul‘Umard, I., 337 
Kam Raj, ‘ Ibratndmah , 63b. 
