J904. ] A. H. Fran eke— A language map of West Tibet with notes. 365 
(c) Mi dponpa : It comprises the following two families : Phanba, 
Kadcanpa. (The Tingdzinpa-family originated when a young¬ 
er brother separated himself from the Kadcanpa family.) 
(d) Rab blonpa: It comprises the following three families : bSod 
rnams phelpa, Bragcanpa, Skamburpa. 
Besides those mentioned, there are three families which do not 
belong to any pha-spunship : Mon, Bhedapa and Starapa. 
More families do not exist at Khalatse. 
As regards the Brushalpa , they have taken their name from the 
village of Brnshal near Grilgit, and they know for certain that their fore¬ 
fathers were colonists from Gilgit. 
The Pakorapa also know that their forefathers once emigrated 
from the vicinity of Gilgit. Pakor is a Dard word meaning ‘ meadow.’ 
Compare my Bono-na-songs, No. II. 
Thus we see that out of 21 families which are members of pha - 
sp^wships, 16 trace their origin from the neighbourhood of Gilgit, which 
has remained Dard to the present day. 
Mi dponpa means ‘lord of men’ and Bab blonpa means * state-minis¬ 
ter.’ These two pha-spunships may go back to the Tibetan conquest 
of Khalatse, when their forefathers were perhaps the Tibetan lords of 
the Dard population. 
From all this we see that the Dards, the lords of the country 
before the Tibetan conquest, were only colonists from Gilgit. Whom 
did they find in the country on their arrival ? Did they perhaps find a 
Mon and Bheda population ? All this I cannot solve. 
(3) Remnant of the Dard language. —It is most interesting that in 
one house of the Brushalpa, in the house Gongmapa, a last remnant 
of the Dard language has survived until the present day. On New 
Tear’s day when a new branch of the pencil-cedar is placed on the house- 
altar, the prayer is rendered in Dardi, because the spirit of the house 
is supposed to understand this language only. This is the prayer: 
Dargyassi di zha nomo hla zhuni 
Shuni bi zha nomo hla zhuni 
Sinani bi zha nomo hla zhuni 
As a Tibetan translation this is given : 
J. i. 47 
