28 
William Irvine —The Later Mughals. 
[Extra No. 
The Later Mughals (1707-1803),— By William Irvine, Bengal Civil Ser¬ 
vice (Retired). 
.i 
In continuation of the articles in Part I of the Journal for 1896, 
Yol. LXV, pp. 136-212, for 1898, Yol. LXYII, pp. 141-166, and 1903, 
Yol. LXXII, pp. 33-64. 
Chapter Y.— RafP-ud-dakajat (1719). 
Section 1.—Events Connected with the Accession. 
The new emperor, a consumptive youth of twenty years of age, 
was proclaimed under the style and titles of Abu, 1-barakat, Sultan 
Shams-ud-din, Muhammad Rafi‘-ud-darajat, Badshah, Grhazi. Within 
and without the palace, in every audience-hall and at every door, the 
Sayyads placed men of their own. A chronogram for the accession was 
found : 
“ When Rafi‘-ud-darajat ascended the throne 
“ The sun appeared in the heavens out of ‘Arafat: 
“ The sage, seeing the lustre and strength of his wisdom, 
“ Brpught forth the date, ‘ His, title is High of Dignity’.” 1 
At the first audience, on the prayer of Maharajah Ajit Singh, 
Rajah Bhim Singh of Kotah, and Rajah Ratn Cand, the jizyah or poll- 
tax, was again abolished. In other respects as few changes as possible 
were made, even the walashahis or personal troops of the late sovereign 
being retained in the service. The object was to dispel anxiety and 
restore order without delay. Muhammad Amin Khan was maintained 
in his post of second Bakhshi, Zafar Khan, Roshan-ud-daulah, replaced 
Saifullah Khan in that of third Bakhshi, and the office of fourth Bakhshi 
was left in abeyance. For seven days there was much confusion, and 
few men attended the imperial audience-hall; the people generally stood 
aloof, and also many of the officials. Nizam-ul-mulk kept close at home, 
1 Nishist ba-tafcht cun Rafi'-ud-darajdt 
Goi bar ( arsh sar kashid az ‘ Arafat: . 
Pir-i-Jchirad cu did ba farr-o-shukoh 
TdriJch dmady “ Laqb-i-rafV-ud-darajdt. ” (1131). 
A second is : 
Kih ndgdh Wdzih raqm hard o guft; 
“ Mubdrik jalus-i-shdhdnshdh-i-Tiaqq ” (1131). 
“ The morning star seized the pen and said; 
“ ‘ Blessed be the righteous king’s accession.”* 
Jdm-i-jam , and Miftdh 304, KhafI Khan, II, 816, Mirza Muhammad, 462. 
