86 Sarat Chandra Das —The Hierarchy of the Dalai Lama. [Extra No. 
of the Deha of Tsang in which several thousand yellow-cap Lamas were 
killed. The news of this disaster t<> the Yellow Church enraged 
the CEleuth Mongols, whose general marched with a large army to Tibet 
and fought a fierce battle with the Tsang army at Kyang-thang-gang, 
and killed several thousand Tibetans. In 1620, the Mongolians retired 
after restoring the lost territorial endowments of the Yellow Church to 
the monasteries of Sera, Dapung and Gahdan. About this time Sera 
and Dapung were presided over by the grand Lama of Tashilhunpo. 
In 1621, the boy Lozang Gya-tsho, 1 in whom the spirit of Yontan Gya-tsho 
had passed in 1616, was brought to Dapung. In 1628, he was ordained 
and installed as the high priest of Dapung. About this time the Shwa- 
viar Lamas had regained their lost position and were vigorously perse¬ 
cuting the Yellow Church. 
They had, in the meantime, influenced the Kulmuk Mongols whose 
chief had become a convert to their creed. In the year 1636, Gushi 
Khan espoused the cause of the Yellow Church and entered Kokonor 
with a large array. At the outset of this invasion he had to encounter with 
the Kulmuk Mongols who had taken up the side of the Shwa-mar Lamas. 
He completely defeated them after several engagements. From Kokonor, 
while proceeding towards Tibet, he heard that king Beri of Kham, who 
was a follower of the Bon* religion, was preparing to invade Tibet. He, 
therefore, marched against him and reduced him to subjection. He again 
invaded Kham in 1639; this time, patting Beri to death, he annexed 
his territories to his Mongolian kingdom. 
In the year 1641, at the invitation and earnest entreaty of the 
Dalai Lama Ngag-wang Lozang Gya-tsho, he entered Tibet with 30,000 
Tartars and fought several battles with the Tsang army led by the 
powerful Deha of Tsang. After capturing Lhasa and other towns 
which had been in the occupation of the Deha, he put him to prison, 
annexed Upper Tsang f of which Gyan-tse was the chief town, 
and proclaimed himself the supreme king of Tibet, assuming the 
Tibetan name of TaDzing Choi-Gyal—the upholder of Religion or 
Dharma Eoja. 
# The pre-Buddhistic religion of Tibet, called Yun-drftn Bon, a form of fetischism 
in which exorcism and incantations were the chief features. It eow prevails in 
gome parts of Tibet, particularly, Kham, but in a greatly modified and partly Bud- 
dhicised form. 
t He left lower Tsang, with Shiga-tse as its capital, to the possession of the 
Grand Lama of Tashilhunpo which continues to belong to that hierarchy up to 
this day. 
1 Ifqsrgm 
