90 Sarafc Chandra Das —The Hierarchy of the Dalai Lama. [Extra 
Lama, as lie grew up in age, shewed indifference to the perform¬ 
ance of his religious duties. He failed in almost all the exami¬ 
nations that he was required to pass through, before his ordination. 
He, however, displayed a tendency towards love-literature in which 
he acquired some proficiency. He selected from among the monks of 
Kamgyal Ta-tshang young men for his companions. He composed love 
songs and generally spent his time in the royal groves in the suburbs of 
Lhasa, where men and women of all classes and age came to receive his 
blessings. Here he got facilities for indulging in the pleasures of life ? 
the enjoyment of which was strictly prohibited to monks. His atten¬ 
tion to young ladies alarmed the Lamas. At first the courtiers inter¬ 
preted this unholy tendency of the youthful Lama as a mark of his 
communion with the Khan-do (female angels) who, it was given out, paid 
him secret visits in the guise of young maidens for initiating him in the 
mysteries of Tantrik Buddhism; but later on, when the grand Lama ran to 
excesses, and sung love songs and behaved in utter disregard of the 
canonical rules, the public became undeceived. The Lamaic authorities 
of the monasteries of Sera, Dapiing and Gahdan took steps for his re¬ 
moval from the hierarchial throne. 
About this time the Chungar or the left branch of the CEleuth 
Mongols under the leadership of Tshe-wang Rab-dan had become very 
powerful, in consequence of which the influence of Kushi Khan’s line 
over the Tartars greatly waned. The ambitous Tshe- wang Rabdan, who 
had made his power felt even in Russia in the north, was waiting for 
an opportunity to overrun Tibet. 
The friends of the Desrid now courted his help against the enemies 
of the government who had reported the matter to the Emperor of 
China. In the year 1701, the abbots of the great monasteries with the 
help of the Desrid induced the prodigal youth to formally renounce the 
vows* of celebacy and monkhood which he had taken from the grand 
Lama of Tashilhunpo. An incarnate Lama named Ye^es Gya-tsho, who 
had come to Lhasa for that work, now took up the spiritual business 
appertaining to the Dalai Lama. 
In 1702 Desrid Sangye Gya-tsho resigned his office and retired to 
private life. In 1705, the unfortunate Dalai Lama was removed 
from Tibet under a Chinese escort. He died on the way near lake 
* It is customary with the incarnate Lamas of Tibet to take religions vows 
from their seniors in the order. The grand Lama of Tashilhunpo being spiritually 
of equal rank with the Dalai Lama is competent to ordain him in the holy order. 
In the same manner the Tashi Lama, when junior in age, receives his religious 
vows and ordination from the Dalai Lama. They are related to each other as 
spiritual brothers and called (Gyalsras or J inaputra) sons of Buddha. 
