96 Sarat Ck. Das —Tibet under the Tartar Emperors of China. [Extra No, 
Dong-nag, who approved of tke proposal. He pnrckased tke land by 
making present of a white mare, one coat of mail, a string of beads 
of precious stones and a buckler to tke owner. In tke 40th year of his 
age, Lama Konckog Gyalpo founded a monastery on tke plain of Sakya 1 
(A.D. 1073), which in tke 13tk century became the capital of Tibet 
and also tke chief seat of tke Sakyapa hierarchs. 
% 
Conquest of Tibet by the Tartars. 
Tke Tartar Ckingkis (Jenghis Khan) made tke conquest of tke 
whole of Tibet in tke year 1203, about which time Bekar and 
Bengal were seized by tke Mahomedans under Baktyar Kkiliji. 
After firmly establishing his authority first in China and then in 
Tibet, he ordered a general census to be taken of the latter country, 
but before the work could be taken up by his generals in Tibet, he 
died. His grandson E-chan Gotan, to whose share fell both Tibet 
and China, hearing the fame of the Pandit hierarch of Sakya named 
Kungah Gyal-tskan, invited him to China and received him in audience 
at his palace of Tulpai De. Thus the learned Buddhist Hierarch of 
Tibet gained the opportunity to implant in the mind of the dreaded 
monarch the doctrine of Buddha—to have compassion over all living 
beings and to effect one’s own salvation by loving others. The human¬ 
izing influence of Buddhism touched the minds of the cruel and blood¬ 
thirsty Mongols. They now perceived that brute force did not make 
them superier to the Lamas who believed in the existence of a thing 
like love which conquered all. So the hierarch, in turn; quietly effected 
the spiritual conquest of the heartless Tartars. After his return to Tibet 
Kungah Gyal-tshan appointed pakya Zangpo as Pon-chen (chief gover¬ 
nor) of Tibet proper. Kungah Gyal-tsan, better known as Sakya 
Panchen ( Pan , Pandit and chen, great), was so well impressed with the 
honesty and righteousness of his governor that he ordered all the 
Lamas with the exception of Huyupa and Sharpa Ye 9 e Chung to make 
salulation to him. 
On the death of E-chan Gotan Khan, Khublai Khan (the mira¬ 
culous king) became Emperor of China. He removed his residence 
to Peking and built the Tartar city called Khanbalik, i.e,, the 
city of the great Khan. Shortly, after this, he ordered one of 
his generals named Tamen to proceed to Tibet to arrange for its 
better government. When Tamen came to take leave of him the 
Emperor addressed him in the following terms:—“The Tibetans 
are a powerful nation. In ancient times, when there was a monarchial 
form of government in that country, the Tibetan armies had invaded 
1 Sakya (from Sa } land aud kya, white) signifies white plain. 
