3904.] Sarat Ch. Das— Tibet under the Tartar Emperors oj China. 97 
China several times. Daring the reign of Emperor Thaijung 
(Tai tsung) of the T’ang dynasty, the Tibetans advanced as far as 
Utai Shan in Shenzi, and at the command of their general Pa-u- 
tan hu, all as one man carried out his orders. Since Chinghis 
Khan’s conquest of it there has been no king in Tibet. The grand 
Lamas of Sakya are appointed by us. They are our spiritual 
instructors. Gro, therefore, at once to Sakya and by the exercise of 
your diplomatic tact bring all Tibet fully under our rule.” To this 
gracious command Tamen with profound veneration replied :—“Your. 
Majesty, in obedience to the wish of the son of heaven this servant 
will proceed to Tibet. The people of the country called Sifan (Western 
country, i.e ., Tibet) being brave and wild are not amenable either to their 
own laws or to the laws of China. Our frontier guards fail to restrain 
them from their predatory habits. How will your Majesty’s servant 
proceed to Tibet to subdue them, and what arrangements about the- 
expenses of his mission will be permitted ? ” The Emperor com 
manded that he should proceed on his mission and take the necessary 
funds and articles for presents from the imperial treasury. 
Arrived at Sakya, he should make division of the country into large 
and smaller Jam (district) for administrative purposes, apportioning 
lands to each Jam with due regard to their extent and nature, i.e., 
according to the sparseness or density of the population in them. 
Furnished with credentials from the Emperor and carrying with 
him suitable presents for the clergy and the laity, Tamen proceeded 
to Tibet with a large armed escort and a number of survey officers 
Arrived at Sakya he read the edict of the Emperor before a large number 
of people assembled for the purpose. He sent the survey officers to the 
different provinces of the country for reconnoitering. On their report 
he divided the country lying between Sakya and the Chinese frontier 
into 27 districts or Jam. Doh-meh or lower Dob, where the land was 
fertile was divided into seven Jam; Doh-toi (upper Doh) into nine 
Jam; and " 0 " and Tsang into eleven Jam, of which seven, viz., Sakya, 
Sog, Tsi-mar, Shag, Sha-pho, Kong and Gronsar, were apportioned 
to Tsang, and four, viz., Tog, Tshong-dui, Darluug and Thom Darang, 
to U. A Jampon or district officer was appointed over each Jam . 
He apportioned these jam to the thirteen provinces or TJiiJeor into 
which Tibet was then divided, appointing a Thipon or provincial 
governor over every one of them. He proclaimed all over Tibet the 
suzerainty of the great Khan or Emperor of China. After making him¬ 
self fully acquainted with the customs, manners, laws and requirements 
of Tibet, Tamen returned to China. The Emperor loaded him with 
honours and rewards, and in recognition of his merits appointed him 
J. i 13 
