98 Sarat Ch. Das— Tibet under the Tartar Emperors ofGhina. [Extra No. 
President of the grand Yamen of “ Son-cking Wen.” In order to super¬ 
vise tke administration of the country now parcelled out into 27 
jam, and to preserve tke imperial supremacy of tke country, tke 
Emperor appointed one of kis Tartar nobles, named Ijilig, as Resident 
of Tibet, and conferred on kim tke Tartar distinction of Thon-ji. He 
was tke first minister wko was sent by a Chinese Emperor to watch 
tke state affairs of Tibet under tke grand hierarchy of Sakya. Hence¬ 
forth tke connection between tke two countries (Tibet and China) 
becoming closer; free and easy intercourse, both commercial and 
political, made tke Tibetan people happy and prosperous. 
After starting Thon-ji Ijilig on kis mission to Tibet, tke Emperor 
himself led a large army to Jang-yul. 1 No resistance was offered by 
tke people of that country to kis victorious army. He annexed two 
provinces of Amdok to China, and made over two provinces of Upper 
Dok (modern Kkam) to Tibet. 
In the tenth year of Emperor Khublai’s reign Lama Pkagpa tke 
hierarch of Sakya was appointed spiritual instructor of tke Imperial 
family. As a reward for this service tke Emperor made a grant of 
tke following districts to Lama Pkagpa: Gacha Rab-kha, Nangso 
Latog-pa, Gangaitsa Lama Khar, and Dan Khang. Tke jam of Gong, 
which remained apart from U and Tsang was also assigned to kim. 
These are said to have contained very fertile soil, a hang (Tibetan 
acre) of which was able to grown 5,000 tar da 3 of barley. 
Lama Pkagpa paid three visits to China, and was every time 
received with tke highest reverence by tke Emperor at kis grand 
palace of Taitu. The Emperor, Empress and tke princes received 
religious blessings according to tke cult of tke Sakyapa school of 
Buddhism. On tke second occasion the thirteen Thikor 8 of Tibet were 
presented to tke hierarch by tke Emperor for tke service of tke 
Lamaic Church. 4 On tke third occasion, it is stated, that all Tibet, 
which was anciently divided into three cholkhaj was presented to tke 
1 This included the Kokonur country and Amdoh. 
2 About 10 lbs. 
3 After the survey, Dsongkha Jong, inclusive of Ngah-ri, Lo Jong and Dol Jong, 
was constituted into one Thikor. Northern and Southern Latoi-cha and Shalu 
comprised four Thikor; Da, Ber, and Khyung formed one Thikor ; Yamdok and 
Tshalpa formed one Thikor, Gya, Di-khung, Yah, and Phagmodu comprised four 
Thikor ; lastly, Jah-yul with 1,000 hordu, Duka-pa with 900 hordu, formed one Thikor. 
These were the thirteen Thikhor of Tibet in the 13th Century. 
4 Very probably one-sixth of the revenue of the thirteen Thikor (which was 
the king’s due) was granted to Lama Phagpa for the service of Church and the sup¬ 
port of the monasteries. 
6 Formerly, Tibet Proper and Greater Tibet, which is now called Ulterior Tibet, 
