100 Sarat Cb. Das— Tibet under the Tartar HJmperors of China. [Extra No, 
Bodong-riseb, 77 families; and Tomolung, Rasa, Kha-gangpa, 75 
families; Dopeh mar-wa, 125 families ; 35 families belonged to tbe 
service of tbe cathedral of Lhasa, in which the central image of Buddha 
the historical chovo or Lord f akya'-muni was located ; Rasa-na-kor pos¬ 
sessed 30 families, and Marla Thangpa only ten families. 
Washi-lago returned. 131 families, Gya-mapody contained 50 
families, Thang-tsha, 150 families, and Tshong-dui 114 families. 
Within the division of Geru, including Sakya, Latoi-lho, Kodeh, 
Do-chung and Yahru, there were 3,630 families. Dangra and 
Durminyeg contained altogether 30 families. 
In the province of tJ :—Under Di-khung monastery there were 
3,630 families, consisting of agricultural and pastoral people called 
pyopa and Dok-pa. Under the Tshal-pa Lamas there were 3,702 
families. Phog-modu monastery retu rned 2,438 families, Yazang-pa 
contained 3,000 families. Gya-ma-wa and Cha-yul jointly returned 
5,850 families. Sam-ye and Ohim-phu-pa possessed 20 families 
exclusive of those who resided in the ancient endowments. In Dob 
there were 70 families. Gung-Khor-pa and Thangpa returned 70 
families. Under the Lhasa authorities there were 600 families. 
Rab-tsun-pa returned 90 families and the Duk-pa authorities of 
Ralung returned 225 families. The Thang-po-che returned 50 families. 
In the district of Du-gu gang and Kharagpo there were 232 and 
88 families respectively. This earliest enumeration of the people of 
Tibet (XJ and Tsang) made during the first estab lishment of political 
relations between China and tbe grand hierarchs of Sakya, was obtained 
from a manuscript roll of daphne paper which contained the seal of the 
first Pon-chen , named f akya Zangpo, by the author of the book called 
Gya-poi Kyi Yig-tshang (records of China and Tibet) in the archives 
of Sakya and preserved in his book. 
During the reigns of Khublai Khan’s successors, inland and revenue 
matters, a clear distinction was made between state and church 
possessions. At the commencement of the reign of Thakwan Themur, 
the last Emperor of the Yen or Tartar dynasty, Commissioners 
Tha-gu Anugan and Kechogtai Ping-chang were deputed to take a 
general census of Tibet. They were assisted by Ponclien Shon-nu 
Wang in his second administration of that country. The enumeration 
of men and households was made in the following manner :— 
In order to be counted as a hordu —a Tartar family was required to 
possess tbe following:— 
1. A house supported at least by six pillars within its four walls. 
2. Land for cultivation comprising an area over which 100 to 
1,0001b. of seed-grain could be sown. 
