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Records of the Australian Museum (2017) Vol. 69 
Table 2. Fossil localities on Santa Maria Island, Azores, with latitude and longitude, and historical changes of name; from 
Madeira et al. (2011: table 1) and Avila et al. (2015a: table 1); Ponta dos Matos and Miradouro de Macela not included. 
Most localities mapped on Fig. 13A. 
outcrop name 
age 
location 
earlier names 
Cre 
Zanclean 
37°0'03.76"N 25°08T0.78"W 
Bocca do Cre, Fomo do Cre, 
Furna da Cre, Casa da Cre, 
Escarpa da Cre, Pedreira dos 
Frades 
Pedra-que-Pica 
Zanclean + 
5e 
36°55'48.6"N 25°01'31.5"W 
— 
Ponta do Malbusca 
Zanclean 
36°55'46.10"N 25°04'08.14"W 
Forno da Cre, Furna da Cre, 
Boca da Cre, Ponta da Piedade 
Ponta do Castelo 
Zanclean + 
5e 
36°55'43.7 M N 25°00'59.3"W 
Ponta da Maia 
Ponta dos Frades 
Zanclean 
37°0'41.67"N 25°08'44.68"W 
— 
Ponta das Salinas 
Zanclean 
36°58'22.97"N 25°01'43.38 M W 
Feiteirinhas, Feteirinha 
Ponta do Norte 
Zanclean 
37°0'57.76"N 25°03'50.80"W 
— 
Pinheiros 
Zanclean 
37°0'21.45"N 25°07'48.87"W 
Pinheiras 
Figueiral 
Zanclean 
36°56'53.82"N 25°07 , 40.31"W 
— 
Prainha 
MIS 5e 
36 o 57'06.8"N 25°06’47.1"W 
Praia Formosa 
Lagoinhas 
MIS 5e 
37°0'47.05"N 25°04'58.23 M W 
— 
Vinha Velha 
MIS 5e 
36°55'53.0 M N 25°01'53.2"W 
— 
Ichnofossils cave 
Zanclean + 
5e 
36°56'02.2"N 25 o 04'26.8 M W 
— 
by da Veiga Ferreira (1961) in a paper concerned mainly 
with limestone resources. A helpful list of the main fossil 
localities, their locations including latitude and longitude, 
and their historical changes of name was provided by 
Madeira et al. (2011: table 1) (Table 2). The record of name 
changes is helpful because some names (e.g., Forno da Cre) 
have been used for different localities on opposite coasts 
of the island, and some names used commonly in early 
accounts do not appear on modem maps (e.g., Feiteirinhas; 
now known as Ponta das Salinas). This follows the standard 
European practice of assigning a unique semi-formal name 
to each fossil locality, rather than recording fossils from 
a site identified by a map grid reference or GPS position, 
as is normal in, for example, Australia and New Zealand. 
Avila et al. (2015a: fig. 1, table 1) identified a total of 20 
named fossil localities on Santa Maria Island, several of 
them for the first time. Several sedimentary lenses in the 
Touril Complex contain a diverse shallow-water molluscan 
fauna. Earlier authors up to da Veiga Ferreira (1952, 1955) 
and Zbyszewski & da Veiga Ferreira (1962a, b) relied on 
pectinid biostratigraphical correlation with mainland Europe 
to date the succession as “Vindobonian”, or in modern terms 
Langhian, Serravallian and Tortonian Stages (middle and 
late Miocene) (M. Harzhauser, Naturhistorisches Museum 
Wien, pers. comm. 24 Sep 2014). Krejci-Graf et al. (1958) 
used foraminiferans and Janssen et al. (2008) used pteropods 
to date the Touril Complex as early Pliocene (Zanclean). 
Younger Pliocene lava peaks rise above the Touril Complex 
in the eastern half of the island, to Pico Alto (590 m). 
Fossiliferous Last Interglacial (MIS 5e, c. 120-130 ka) 
beach deposits crop out behind the beach at Prainha, west 
of Praia on the south coast, at Lagoinhas on the north coast 
(Garcia-Talavera, 1990; Avila et al, 2002, 2009, 2015a, 
2015c), and at several newly identified localities along the 
south coast (Avila et al., 2015a: fig. 1, table 1; Ponta do 
Castelo, Pedra-que-pica, Vinha Velha, Pedrinha da Cre, 
Ichnofossils cave, Praia do Calhau), indicating that no uplift 
has occurred during the last 120 ka. Previous studies of the 
ages of lavas (Abdel-Monem et al., 1975), geomagnetic 
polarity stratigraphy (Feraud et al., 1984) and strontium 
isotope dates (Kirby et al., 2007) indicated a Tortonian- 
Messinian (late Miocene) age for the lowest, oldest lavas 
(Anjos Complex) and for the lowest part of the Touril 
Complex, which consists of fossiliferous marine limestone, 
conglomerate, calcarenite and claystone interbedded with 
lava flows and pyroclastic material. The upper part of this 
succession is Zanclean (early Pliocene). The Touril Complex 
at Ponta do Costelo was described as deposited as storm¬ 
generated deposits (tempestites) by Meireles et al. (2013). 
The Pliocene marine fossils have been studied over many 
years (Bronn, 1861,1862; Mayer, 1864a, b; Berkeley Cotter, 
1892, 1953; da Veiga Ferreira, 1952, 1955; Zbyszewski & 
da Veiga Ferreira, 1962b; Kirby et al, 2007; Madeira et al, 
2007, 2011; Avila etal, 2015a, b, d). 
Janthina typica previously has been thought to occur in 
Messinian and Zanclean rocks on Santa Maria Island, and 
the writer assumed that J. krejcii sp. nov. occurs higher in 
Zanclean rocks. Janthina krejcii sp. nov. is described below 
from the Miradouro de Macela, on the road descending from 
Almagreirato Praia. It likely occurs also at Pinheiros, a short 
distance northeast of Cre, as Mayer (1864: 63) recorded a 
specimen of “ Janthina hartungf without spiral folds from 
Pinheiros. Therefore, it is possible that J. krejcii occurs more 
widely on Santa Maria Island than the writer is aware of. 
Unfortunately, J. krejcii has not been recorded from anywhere 
other than Santa Maria Island, suggesting that either Janthina 
fossils have not been collected from this precise age of rocks 
elsewhere, or it was a restricted Atlantic species. 
Understanding of the ages and stratigraphical relationships 
of Santa Maria Island has been revolutionized recently by 
Sibrant et al. (2015). They carried out high-precision 
Potassium-Argon dating of volcanic rocks and studied the 
stratigraphical relationships of volcanic complexes. They 
recognized an initial shield volcano, now dated at 5.7-5.33 
Ma (latest Messinian), comprising the Anjos Complex, 
without fossiliferous marine interbeds, and making up the 
western third of the island. This is overlain at a low angle, 
with the contact dipping eastwards, by the Touril Complex, 
