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44) included in a list of Tasmanian shells the three names 
Ianthina exigua Lamarck, Ianthina communis Lamarck, 
and Ianthina bipartita “Gray?”. No description, locality 
or other comments followed the last name, and the writer 
knows of no other mention of it. 
8 Janthina nicobarica “Reeve”: Laursen (1953: 16) 
mentioned after the synonymy of J. janthina that specimens 
in ZMUC are labelled “ Janthina nicobarica Reeve”. He 
had also seen the name attributed to Roding. It was also 
listed by Rosenberg (2017) in the synonymy of J. janthina, 
attributed to Laursen. However, it was not made available 
by any authors, and remains a nomen nudum. 
Janthina typica (Bronn, 1861) 
Figs 24-25 
Hartungia typica Bronn, 1861: 119, pi. 19, figs 3a-d; Bronn, 
1862: 32 (in part); Fleming, 1953a: 135; Veiga Ferreira, 
1955: 6, 8; Beu & Maxwell, 1990: 292, 411, pi. 37a-b; 
Tomida, 1996: pi. 33, figs 3a-4; Maxwell in Spencer et 
al., 2010: 245. 
Janthina hartungi Mayer, 1864a: 242, pi. 6, figs 41a-c; 
1864b: 62, pi. 6, figs 41a-c; Berkeley Cotter, 1892: 285; 
Joksimowitsch, 1911: 80,94; Gagel, 1911:409; Berkeley 
Cotter, 1953: 100; Veiga Ferreira, 1955: 9-10. 
Heligmope dennanti Tate, 1893: 329, pi. 7, figs 5-5a; Finlay, 
1931: 1. 
Turbopostulatus Bartrum, 1919: 100, pi. 7, fig. 14. 
Acrybia (Heligmope) dennanti (Tate).-Cossmann, 1925: 
161, pi. 4, figs 11-12; pi. 9, fig. 3 (copy of Tate, 1893: 
pl. 7, fig. 5). 
“Turbo ”postulatus Bartrum.-Bartrum & Powell, 1928: 141, 
pl. 25, figs 6-7; Marwick, 1931: 28, 43. 
Heligmope postulatus (Bartrum).-Finlay, 1931: 1; Faws, 
1940b: 38; Marwick, 1948: 6, 8; Faw, 1950: 7, faunal list. 
Janthina (Hartungia) typica (Bronn).-Wenz, 1940: 815; 
Tomida et al., 2013: 60, figs 3A-D only (not figs 3E-F). 
Bulbus (Heligmopej denanti [sic] (Tate).-Wenz, 1941: 1036, 
fig. 2967. 
Acrybia (Hartungia) chouberti Chavan, 1951: 135, fig. 
1; Fecointre, 1952: 114; Choubert, 1965: 49; Brebion, 
1973: 50. 
Hartungia chouberti (Chavan).-Fleming, 1953a: 135; 
Fudbrook, 1978: 122, pl. 12, figs 17-19. 
Hartungia dennanti (Tate).-Fleming, 1953a: 135;Darragh, 
1970: 166; Fudbrook, 1973: 256, pl. 28, figs 93-94; 
Darragh, 1985: 106. 
Hartungia postulata (Bartrum).-Fleming, 1953a: 135; 
Schofield, 1958: 252; Marwick, 1965: 10, table 4; 
Fleming, 1966: 49. 
Janthina typica (Bronn).-Krejci-Graf et al., 1958: 336 
(in part); Zbyszewski et al., 1961: 15; Zbyszewski & 
Veiga Ferreira, 1962: 219, 222, 224, 227-228, 273; 
Beu & Raine, 2009: BM292; Meco et al., 2015: 61, figs 
Appendix A-B. 
Hartungia sp-Wilkins, 1963: 58; Tomida & Itoigawa, 1984: 
112; Tomida, 1989: 96; Ozawa & Tomida, 1992: 428. 
Hartungia dennanti dennanti (Tate).-Fudbrook, 1978: 122, 
pl. 12, figs 15-16. 
Parajanthinajaponic a Tomida & Itoigawa, 1982: 60, pl. 19, 
figs la-c (in part only). 
Parajanthina sp.-Tomida & Itoigawa, 1982: 62, pl. 19, 
figs 2-3. 
Hartungia sp. A-Nakamura et al., 1999: pl. 2, figs 17a-b. 
Hartungia elegans Tomida & Nakamura, 2001: 217, figs 
2.1a-e, 2.2a-e. 
Eunaticina abyssalis Simone, 2014: 586, figs 10E-K. 
Type material. Hartungia typica, location of any original 
type material unknown; extensive enquiries over more than 
40 years have brought none to light. Bronn’s introduction 
to his descriptions of the fossils of Santa Maria Island 
in Hartung (1861: 116) reads: “In the spring of 1858 I 
received from Hartung a collection of hand specimens of 
Tertiary limestone with fossil shells for investigation and 
determination, which he had collected on Santa Maria. A 
year later I received another similar consignment, which 
Mr Drouet from Toyes had gathered at the same time as 
Mr Hartung, but which contained no other species than the 
first. I give here the results of my research” (translated from 
German by T. A. Darragh, Museum Victoria, pers. comm. 
10 Nov 2015). Bronn had only one specimen of Hartungia 
typica (Bronn, 1861: 129, table 3) so the “contained no 
other species” statement makes it certain that the holotype 
belonged to the German geologist Hartung rather than 
to Drouet. Bronn’s fossil collection was originally in the 
University of Heidelberg, but was purchased by Louis 
Agassiz (Cleevely, 1983: 68) and is now in Paleontology, 
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. 
However, it does not include any Azores material (K. Boss, 
Museum of Comparative Zoology, pers. comm. 18 May 
1983). Possibly the Azores material described by Bronn 
was returned to the collectors, Hartung and Drouet. In view 
of the acquisition by Mayer of the material in Heidelberg 
described by Bronn (see below under Remarks ) it is also 
possible that all Bronn’s Azores material was sent to Mayer 
and never returned, but again, it is not present in Mayer- 
Eymar’s collection in NMB. The location of any Azores 
material formerly belonging to Hartung also is unknown. 
Janthina hartungi, again no original material known. 
Mayer-Eymar’s collection (in NMB) includes only NMB 
Po.6227, two poor, small (shell fragment c. 11.5 mm wide) 
impressions in modelling clay from the same cavity in the 
rock at Santa Maria Island, identified by Mayer-Eymar as 
Janthina hartungi, and labelled “Ponta dos Matos, S. Maria”. 
This impression of a partial spire bears weak axial ridges and 
vague, low spiral folds (Fig. 24M), indicating that it is indeed 
a very poor partial mould of a Janthina species similar to J. 
typica, but Mayer’s (1864a, b: pl. 6, fig. 41) illustrations of 
a complete shell (Figs 25D-F) cannot have been based on 
it. Mayer (1864a, b: 63) recorded a specimen from “Ponta 
dos Mattos” (sic), but the modelling clay impression is 
not identifiable to species and is not considered to be type 
material. Again, the location of the specimen Mayer’s 
illustration was based on is unknown. Therefore, a neotype 
is required for both Hartungia typica and Janthina hartungi, 
unequivocally to establish the application of these names 
to the present species. To find any genuine well-preserved 
Santa Maria Island specimens of Janthina typica in modern 
collections or to re-collect specimens at Santa Maria Island 
proved very difficult. The writer visited Santa Maria Island 
with Bernard Landau in February 1998, but localities near 
sea-level in the Touril Complex were all inaccessible (during 
winter) through either severe wave action or their location 
at the foot of inaccessible cliffs. None was found in the 
overgrown remnants of the limestone quarry at Figueiral, 
although pectinids were common. The one well-preserved 
specimen from Santa Maria Island referable to Janthina 
typica that the writer is aware of is a very small one, 
MIGM1312. This specimen (Figs 24A-C) is here designated 
the neotype of both Hartungia typica Bronn, 1861 and 
Janthina hartungi Mayer, 1864. It is from “Farolim da Ponta 
