Beu: Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia 
169 
floor. Examination of the holotype, loaned by P. Bouchet 
and V. Heros (MNHN 16 Sep 2015) left no doubt that this 
specimen is a weakly sculptured specimen of J. typica with 
a low spire and low spiral folds and fine, closely spaced axial 
ridges all over. It has now been cleaned further and whitened 
before photography, revealing its sculpture more clearly. 
The smooth, polished “protoconch” illustrated by Simone 
(2014: figs 101—J) is actually the apical spire whorls of the 
Janthina teleoconch (Fig. 25G); the protoconch is missing. 
The narrow spiral gap between whorls on this smooth apex 
demonstrates that the 25 pm-thick calcitic outer layer has 
been dissolved from the first c. 2.5 teleoconch whorls, 
revealing the smooth, lightly polished aragonite infilling 
of the original calcitic shell and leaving a polished surface 
lower than the outer surface of the rest of the teleoconch. 
Weak impressions of the spiral and, to a lesser extent, axial 
ridges on the exterior of the calcitic teleoconch remain on 
the aragonitic shell. Matrix from within the aperture of 
the holotype was examined for calcareous nannofossils by 
Denise Kulhanek (International Ocean Drilling Program 
Office, College Station, Texas) and Claire Shepherd (GNS; 
pers. comm. 15 Oct 2015). They reported that nannofossils 
are difficult to interpret because of overgrowth or dissolution 
of many specimens; the remobilized carbonate presumably 
caused the weak lithification of the sample. Reticulofenestra 
is dominant and small Gephyrocapsa specimens are present, 
but not large ones, indicating an age greater than 1.73 Ma. 
This is consistent with the holotype being a Pliocene fossil 
rather than a present-day specimen. 
Other material examined. Santa Maria Island: Touril Complex 
(Zanclean), Ponta do Castelo, SE tip of island, Zanclean (DBUA-F-428, 
University of the Azores, Ponta Delgado, Azores Islands, Portugal; 1 
specimen, collected by S. Avila, 15 Sep 2006; photographs sent by S. 
Avila, 02 Oct 2012; Fig. 24L). This specimen is abraded and incomplete, 
but nevertheless is a relatively large specimen confirming the occurrence of 
Janthina typica at more than one locality on Santa Maria Island. 
Gran Canaria Island: La Esfinge, a short distance north of Las Palmas 
de Gran Canaria, east side of La Isleta, NE Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, 
material reported by Meco etal, (2015,2016) (ULPGC LE20151-LE20156, 
6 specimens loaned by Joaquin Meco, ULPGC; Figs 25N, Q-R, T). As 
noted above, nearby 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates on an underlying lava flow provide a 
maximum age for the Janthina specimens of 4.20±0.18 Ma, late in Zanclean 
time (Meco et ah, 2015). 
About 120 specimens from localities in Australia and New Zealand: 
Australia: Victoria: Grange Bum Formation (Kalimnan, Zanclean), Muddy 
Creek, near Hamilton, W Victoria (NMVP26906,1; P26908-9,2; P40662, 
1; P40663, P40667,3; P316445,1; P316449,1; P406640, P406645,5; GNS 
WM7656, 1); Lower Jemmys Point Shellbed (Kalimnan, Zanclean), road 
cutting SW side of Bunga Creek, Princes Highway, near Lakes Entrance, 
E Victoria (Wilkins, 1963: 58; NMVP22612, Wilkins’s spec., 1 fragment; 
P26905, 1; P40666, 1). South Australia: Hallett Cove Sandstone, Hallett 
Cove, coast south of Adelaide, one of Tate’s syntypes (SAMA T1515C, 
with spiral folds all over, here early Piacenzian). 
New Zealand: Kapitean (Messinian): East Cape: first cutting E of 
Awatere River mouth. East Cape (NMNZ M043211, 1 incomplete); 
250 m NE of lighthouse. East Cape (AUGD10194, Z14/f0127, grid ref. 
Z14/994775; 1). Gisborne district: Waimata Rd, 16 km W of Tolaga 
Bay (GS1357, Y17/f7477, grid ref. Y17/604021; 2 poor moulds, severely 
compressed). 
Opoitian (Zanclean): SW Auckland: Kaawa Creek, coast S of Waikato 
Heads (GS996, GS5513, R12/f8518, 11; R13/f7020, R13/f7022, R13/ 
f7027, R13/f7033, R13/f7051, R13/f7056, R13/f7057, R13/f7059, R14/ 
f7062, grid ref. R13/646085, GNS and mainly in AUGD, many; Figs 24F-I; 
OUGD unnumbered, pres. C. R. Laws, 1). Gisborne district: Waihora 
Valley, Te Karaka, Gisborne (Marwick, 1931: 43) (GS870, Y17/f7462, 
grid ref. Y17/364961; 1 poor mould). Hawke’s Bay: Mangawhero Stream 
(GS1543, W19/f7462, grid ref. W19/831408; 6); Waikaremoana Rd, road 
cut 30 km from Wairoa (GS1544, W19/f7566, grid ref. W19/810464; 1); 
Waikaretaheke River 1 km S of junction with Waiau River (GS1555, W19/ 
f7472, grid ref. W19/793441; 2); Waikaremoana Rd, road cut 27 km from 
Wairoa (GS1556, W19/f7473, grid ref. W19/709446; 1); Cricklewood Rd, 
0-1200 m E of Waiau Rd (GS1557, W19/f7474, grid ref. W19/661402; 
1); beneath white tephra, Waiau River, 200 m from Mangaone Stream 
(GS1561, W19/f7477, grid ref. W19/665418; 3); junction Waiau River 
and Pakihiwi Stream (GS1567, W19/f7516, grid ref. W19/708424; 1); 
Cricklewood Rd, 2.4 km E of Mohaka-Putere Rd (GS1580, W19/f7486, 
grid ref. W19/618401; 1); Waihi Stream 400-800 m upstream from Waihi 
homestead (possibly Kapitean; GS2063, W19/f7492, grid ref. W19/694499; 
1); Hangaroa-Tiniroto Rd 5 km SSW of Hangaroa (GS2852, X18/f7488, 
grid ref. XI8/099650; 1); Parikanapa Rd (GS8030, X18/f9624, grid ref. 
X18/104593; 3); Opoiti Limestone, Mangapiopio Stream (GS8041, X18/ 
f9627, grid ref. X18/034645; 1); Putere Rd (GS8154, W19/f7617, grid 
ref. W19/615403; 1); Mohaka River below Willow Flat bridge (GS8182, 
W19/f8573, grid ref. W19/520370; 1 poor mould); road SW of Willow 
Flat (GS8213, W19/F8582, grid ref. W19/506352; 1); 1 km E of Ardkeen 
hall, Frasertown-Waikaremoana Rd (GS8273, W19/f7675, grid ref. 
W19/812434; 1); Ruakituri River road (GS11313, X18/f081, grid ref 
XI8/951592; 1); Hangaroa Bluffs, Tiniroto-Gisborne Rd (GS11466, X18/ 
f7553, grid ref. XI8/100659; 1 fragment); siltstone between Kidnappers 
shelter hut and Cape Kidnappers (GS10855, W21/f8584, grid ref. 
W21/607657; 16 poor); bay S side of Cape Kidnappers (GS10856, W21/ 
f8585, grid ref. W21/611648; 2 poor). Westland: Kapitea Creek, base of 
Opoitian section (GS 12487, J32/f9774, grid ref. J32/562409; 1 poor); road 
cut, Greenstone-Kumara Rd (GS3046, J32/f9146, grid ref. J32/634410; 1; 
GS11557, J32/f9809, grid ref. J32/634410; c. 15 small specimens in one 
block); Greeks Ck., S side Arahura Valley (GS2875, J33/f7075, grid ref. 
J33/511258; 2); C. S. Almond’s (1980) collections from Arahura-Kaniere 
district in OUGD (topographically lower localities along S side of Arahura 
Valley are Opoitian; higher ones in the same streams are Waipipian): first 
left bank tributary Arahura River (J33/f051, grid ref. J33/549382; 1); Fraser 
Creek (J33/f008, grid ref. J33/540286; 1; J33/f092, grid ref. J33/540287; 
1); McKay’s Ck., Kaniere (J33/f021B, grid ref. J33/515261; 2; J33/ 
f024C, grid ref. J33/513261; 1); Greeks Ck., Arahura (J33/f035, grid ref 
J33/546284; 1, crushed; J33/f036D, grid ref. J33/545283; 1; J33/A347, grid 
ref. J33/542283; 1). 
Waipipian (early Piacenzian): Auckland: Otahuhu well (GS3528, Rll/ 
f7014, grid ref. R11/755698; 1, in C. R. Laws collection; Marwick, 1948: 
6; Laws, 1950: 7, listed from 3 beds in Otahuhu well faunal list); Mouldy’s 
farm, Pukekohe (GS3611, R12/f7001, grid ref. R12/752493; 1; Marwick, 
1948: 8). Hawke’s Bay: limestone, mouth of Kopuni Stream, W coast of 
Mahia Peninsula (GS 11476, X20/f7559, grid ref. X20/277142; l);TeReinga 
Falls, Wairoa River (GS1541, X18/f9477, grid ref. X18/021539; 1); near 
base of Waipipian section, Mohaka River (GS 13930, W19/f062, grid ref. 
W19/545366; 1); Mohaka River, Mesopeplum crawfordi (Hutton, 1873b) 
locality at “second flat” (GS13931, W19/f066, grid ref. W19/599369; 1 
poor); Esk Valley (GS683, V20/f8474, grid ref. V20/423949; 1); Black 
Reef, Cape Kidnappers (OUGD8242, W21/f8544, grid ref. W21/604657; 
1 fragment). South Taranaki: Manaia Beach, end of Rainie Rd (GS875, 
Q21/f6492, grid ref. Q21/117792; 2); Ngamatapouri, Waitotara Valley 
(GS 1166, R21 /f8497, grid ref. R21 /670793; 1); Waingongoro River mouth 
(GS1172, Q21/f6494, grid ref. Q21/123792; 2). Westland: conglomerate 
at top of E branch, Greek’s Creek, Arahura Valley (GS 12289, J33/f066, 
grid ref. J33/547283; 1; Fig. 24N); C. S. Almond’s collections in OUGD: E 
branch Greeks Ck. (J33/f066, grid ref. J33/547283; 1). Chatham Islands: 
Whenuataru Tuff", near NW end of Tarawhenua Peninsula, Pitt I., Chatham 
Islands (GS12164, CH/f025B, 1 fragment; Fig. 25H). 
The only other specimens observed in world museums are 
the neotype of Janthina typica , the type material of Heligmope 
dennanti, the neotype of Turbopostulatus , and the holotype of 
Eunaticina abyssalis, all listed above under “Type material”. 
Distribution. The type material of Janthina typica was 
recorded by Zbyszewski & Veiga Ferreira (1962b: 273) from 
Pinheiros and Feiteirinhas (i.e., Ponta das Salinas), Zanclean 
localities on Santa Maria Island. Specimens also were 
recorded from “Feiteirinhas, Ponta dos Matos, Pinheiros, 
Praia” by early authors, summarized by Berkeley Cotter 
(1892: 285), but presumably all specimens from Praia are 
from close to the Miradouro de Macela and are actually J. 
krejcii sp. nov. It is also possible that all specimens from 
Pinheiros are J. krejcii. The neotype of J. typica is from 
