Beu: Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia 
181 
Janthina globosa (Swainson, 1822) 
Figs 2G-J, 30-31 
Helix janthina Linnaeus.-Linnaeus, 1764: 670 (misidenti- 
fication; see Laursen, 1953: 17, pi. 1, fig. 2). 
Ianthina globosa Swainson, 1822: pi. 85, central fig. (Jan 
1822); H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: 87; Reeve, 1858: 
pi. 4, figs 18a-b; G. B. Sowerby II, 1882: 51, pi. 444, figs 
16,18;Tryon, 1887:37, pi. 10, figs 11-14; Martens, 1904: 
143; Iredale, 1910: 71; Oliver, 1915: 525; Morton, 1954: 
167, fig. 1 d (in part misidentified, -J. pallida Thompson). 
Janthina prolongata Blainville, 1822: 155 (Aug 1822); 
Payraudeau, 1826: 121, pi. 6, fig. 1; Deshayes, 1843: 
5; Kuster, 1868: 6, pi. 1, fig. 6; Bennett, 1966: 41, pi. 9, 
fig. 1, pi. 10, fig. 1; Morton & Miller, 1968: 472; Keen, 
1971: 442, fig. 689; Kilburn & Rippey, 1982: 79, fig. 38, 
pi. 11, fig. 17; Bosch etah, 1995: 111, fig. 441;Okano& 
Wada, 2012: 58, fig. 2. 
Ianthina nitens Menke, 1828: 84; Reeve, 1858: pi. 4, figs 
16a-b; Benson, 1860: 409; G. B. Sowerby II, 1882: 51, 
pi. 444, fig. 21. 
Ianthina elongata Blainville.-Maravigna, 1838: 63 (incorrect 
subsequent spelling of I. prolongata)-, Aradas & Benoit, 
1874: 148. 
Janthina rosea Anton, 1838: 50. 
Janthinapatula Philippi, 1844: 224, pi. 28, fig. 1. 
Ianthina decollata Carpenter, 1857: 187; Reeve, 1858: pi. 
4, figs 19a-b; Angas, 1867: 230; Keen, 1968: 410, pi. 
59, figs 78a-c. 
Ianthina iricolor Reeve, 1858: pi. 5, figs 23a-b; G. B. 
Sowerby II, 1882: 51, pi. 444, fig. 18. 
Ianthina communis Lamarck.-Chenu, 1859: 118, figs 
517-518 (misidentification). 
Janthina (Janthina) nitens Menke.-Morch, 1860: 280; 
Priolo, 1959: 183. 
Janthina (Janthina) nitens var. atlantica Morch, 1860: 280. 
Janthina (Janthina) globosa Swainson.-Morch, 1860: 280. 
Janthina (Janthina) iricolor Reeve.-Morch, 1860: 281. 
Janthina (Janthina) decollata Carpenter.-Morch, 1860: 281. 
Janthina iricolor Reeve.-Morch, 1860: 281; Hutton, 1880: 
71; Yen, 1942: 219, pi. 20, fig. 123 (syntypes). 
Janthina nitens Menke.-Kuster, 1868: 7, pi. 1, figs 9-13; 
Monterosato, 1878: 95; Monterosato, 1884: 104;Bucquoy 
et al., 1886: 434, text-fig. 6; Thiele, 1929: 225; Priolo, 
1959: 183; Giannuzzi-Savelli et al., 1999: 50, 51, figs 
93a-b; Ardovini & Cossignani, 2004: 136. 
Janthina decollata Carpenter-Kiister, 1868: 6, pi. 1, figs 
7-8, pi. 2, fig. 12. 
Janthina globosa Swainson.-Lischke, 1871: 169; Lischke, 
1874: 53; Hutton, 1904: 80; Moss, 1908: 28; Suter, 
1913: 300, pi. 44, fig. 14; Hedley, 1918: M61; Bucknill, 
1924: 150, pi. 5, fig. 20; Powell, 1937: 74, pi. 10, fig. 29; 
Okutani, 1956: 43, text-figs 1-2; Cernohorsky, 1972: 
198, pi. 56, fig. 9; Powell, 1976: 107, pi. 17, fig. 29; Kay, 
1979: 158, fig. 55A, D; Powell, 1979: 254, pi. 48, fig. 22; 
Redfem, 2001: 76, pi. 36, fig. 316; Morley, 2004: 102; 
Robertson, 2007a: 5, fig. 2; Spencer et al, 2009: 206; 
Raven & Bracegirdle, 2010: 27, bottom right fig.; Willan 
et al., 2010: 386, text-fig.; Hernandez et al., 2011: 98, fig. 
30 I; Janssen, 2012: 24, figs 5A-6B. 
Janthina pallida var. minor Monterosato, 1878: 35. 
Janthina nitens var. minor Monterosato, 1878: 35. 
Janthina splendens Monterosato, 1884: 104 (“= J. nitens, 
var. minor ” Monterosato). 
Amethistina laeta Monterosato, 1884: 105 (“=J. pallida, var. 
minor ” Monterosato). 
Ianthina globosa var. decollata Carpenter.-Whitelegge, 
1889: 262. 
Janthina laeta (Monterosato).-Locard, 1898: 3, pi. 20, figs 
31-34. 
Janthina payraudeaui Locard in Locard & Caziot, 1901: 157 
(refers to Payraudeau, 1826: 121, pi. 6, fig. 1). 
Janthina sp.-Woodring, 1928: 405. 
Violetta globosa (Swainson).-Iredale, 1929: 279; Allan, 
1950:95; Cotton, 1959: 376; Iredale & McMichael, 1962: 
49; Kuroda etal, 1971: 246, pi. 62, figs 11-12. 
Janthina (Violetta) globosa Swainson.-Powell, 1946: 77, 
pi. 10, fig. 29; Powell, 1957: 98, pi. 10, fig. 29; Powell, 
1962: 91, pi. 10, fig. 29; Kira, 1962: 30, pi. 14, fig. 24; 
Abbott, 1974: 113, col. pi. 3, fig. 1179. 
Ianthina prolongata Blainville.-Laursen, 1953: 28, figs 
30-35c. 
Janthina cf. pallida Thompson.-Berry, 1958: 27. 
Janthina communis Lamarck.-Pasteur-Humbert, 1962: 52, 
fig. 71 (misidentification as J. janthina Linnaeus). 
Janthina exigua Lamarck.-Hodgkin et al., 1966: 35, pi. 12, 
fig. 7 (misidentification). 
Janthina pallida Thompson.-Wilson, 1993: 281, pi. 44, figs 
38a-b (misidentification). 
Janthina (Violeta) [sic] globosa (Swainson).-Rios, 1994: 
101, pi. 33, fig. 414. 
Janthina (Violetta) prolongata Blainville.-Okutani, 2000: 
319, pi. 158, fig. 2. 
Janthina (Janthina) prolongata Blainville.-Janssen, 2007a: 
59, pi. 1, figs 5-6. 
Janthinaprolonga Blainville.-Severns, 2011: 198, upper fig 
(incorrect subsequent spelling of J. prolongata Blainville, 
1822). 
Type material. As with all living Janthina species other 
than J. janthina, Laursen (1953) did not discuss any type 
material of J. globosa, and provided no reasons for assigning 
particular names to particular species. Examination of the 
huge collections of Janthina specimens in world museums 
has demonstrated that Laursen (1953) recognized the five 
living species correctly, as was agreed by Robertson (2007a), 
although a little tentatively. As far as can be determined 
from the type material the writer has examined, Laursen also 
assigned the most appropriate names to the five species, but 
the more than 60 published names for living Janthina species 
must now be referred to type specimens that establish their 
identity unambiguously. The two specimens in UPSZTY 
illustrated by Laursen (1953: pi. 1, fig. 2) and referred 
to Helix janthina by Linnaeus (1764: 670) are Janthina 
globosa Swainson (UPSZTY756, marked with a letter “a”, 
and UPSZTY2849, marked with a letter “b”; Erica Sjolin 
UPSZTY pers. comm. 26 Sep 2012). No type material of J. 
globosa Swainson is present in NHMUK (K. Way NHMUK 
pers. comm. 05 Feb 2013). It seemed possible that some is 
present in Swainson’s material in the Manchester Museum. 
However, the catalogue of molluscan types in the Manchester 
Museum (McGhie, 2008) does not include any Swainson 
types. H. McGhie (Manchester Museum pers. comm. 27 
Nov 2014) stated that he has been unable to recognize any 
Swainson types because Swainson’s material has been 
incorporated in the general collection and there is no means 
of identifying it. It is concluded that none of Swainson’s type 
specimens of Mollusca is recognisable in the Manchester 
Museum. No type material of Janthina globosa Blainville 
or of J. prolongata is present in MNHN, NHMUK, USNM 
or any other institutions the writer has consulted, and its 
location is unknown. Janthina iricolor, three syntypes 
NHMUK1976168, from “China”, ex Cuming collection; two 
