Beu: Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia 
189 
Figure 33. Janthina janthina (Linnaeus), range of variation in shell shape; copy at published size of Laursen (1953: fig. 15); numbers on 
figure as published by Laursen. Fig. 33.3, lectotype designated here of Helix janthina Linnaeus, 1758; Figs 33.7, 33.12, paralectotypes of 
Helix janthina ; all three in collection of Linnean Society of London. Original scale bar included = 20 mm (i.e., figures reduced slightly). 
them to Morch, and they were received on 8 Feb 1865. They 
are assumed to be authentic syntypes. Janthina carpenteri 
(Morch, 1860:277) was proposed for “Janthina striulata Carp. 
Reig., p. 185.— -fragilis Reeve, fig. 6. Var. contorta Carpenter, 
Cat. p. 186”, i.e., J. janthina ; no reason was given for renaming 
it. Kathe Jensen (ZMUC pers. comm. 21 Aug 2015) stated that 
there are at least three syntypes of J. carpenteri with animal 
tissue in one phial in the wet collection, ZMUC GAS-1501, 
from the Pacific Ocean off Valparaiso, Chile, collected on 
23-26 Mar 1847 by Reinhardt during the first Galathea 
Expedition. 
Janthina orbignyi (Morch, 1860: 277) was proposed for 
“Janthina fragilis D’Orb. Amer., t. 61, fig. 8”, i.e., again 
J. janthina. Kathe Jensen (ZMUC pers. comm. 18 Aug 
2015) stated that she was unable to find any type material 
in ZMUC. This is not surprising, as the specimens of J. 
janthina illustrated under the name J. fragilis by d’Orbigny 
constitute the syntypes of J. orbignyi , and are in d’Orbigny’s 
collection of South American Mollusca in NHMUK. Seven 
syntypes are present, NHMUK1854.12.4.399^00, bearing 
the locality “Atlantic Ocean”, and labelled “illustrated in 
d’Orbigny, 1840. Voy. Amer. Meridian. Moll., 5: 413, pi. 61, 
figs. 8-10”. Photographs of the four largest specimens were 
sent by Andreia Salvador (NHMUK pers. comm. 16 Feb 
2016) , demonstrating that all are specimens of J. janthina. The 
largest specimen (Figs 32E-F), NHMUK1854.12.4.399a, is 
here designated the lectotype of Janthina orbignyi. lanthina 
auriculata holotype ZMB60008 (C. Zom, ZMB pers. comm. 
8 Sep 2015); from the Indian Ocean, Valdivia Station 258, 
near East Africa, 2°58'N 46°50'E, “ein Stuck”, i.e., it is the 
holotype. The illustration (Martens, 1904: 142, pi. 4, fig. 15) 
shows a typical trochiform specimen of J. janthina (not seen). 
Laursen (1953: 16) listed ‘ Janthina fragilis var. spiraelata 
Morch, 1860” in the synonymy of Janthina janthina. 
However, Morch (1860: 278) listed “ lanthina fragilis ... 
var. spira elata ”, i.e., a variety with an elevated spire, and 
did not intend to propose a new name. 
Other material examined. Holocene fossils: trench 
excavated through uplifted Holocene terraces, Table Cape, 
Mahia Peninsula, central E North Island, New Zealand; from 
north-south transect, terrace 2 (1850±50 years old), basal 
sediment 117 m inland from high-tide line and 5.5 m above 
mean sea-level (GS15077, Y19/D62, grid ref. Y19/422212; 
1, blue juvenile with low spire and diagnostic axial ridgelets; 
Beu, 2016: fig. 5P). 
Present-day samples from Australia and New Zealand: Australia: 
Western Australia: Sunday I., Derby (WAM); Broome (NMV); Abrolhos 
Islands (SAM); Esperance (NMV); Cape Naturaliste (N2069, N2070, 
WAM); Leighton Beach (WAM 249-250); Cheyne Beach (WAM 2998); 
Cottesloe (C69307, AMS); Fremantle (N4021, WAM; NMV; AMS); Point 
Peron, Fremantle (WAM 367-40); Rottnest I. (NMV; WAM.909/10-31); 
Yalingup (N2072, N2073, N2459, N2461, WAM); Windy Harbour, Cape 
D’Entrecasteaux (WAM 213-65); Salmon Holes Beach, King George 
Sound (C69333, AMS); Albany (C56995, AMS; NMNZ M259093, 2). 
South Australia : Sleaford Bay (SAM). Victoria: Phillip I. (NMV); Gabo 
I. (NMV); Mallacoota (NMV). New South Wales: Narooma (NMV); 
Woody Head, Iluka (C70070, AMS); Minnie Waters (C70011, AMS); Port 
Stephens (NMV, AMS); Port Danger (C5332, AMS); Flat Rock, Richmond 
River (C50827, AMS); beach E of Bergalia, Moruya (AMS); Budgewai 
Beach (C70041, AMS); Nambuca Heads (NMV); Norah Head (C73966, 
AMS); Maroubra (C51089, C83051, AMS); Merimbula (NMV); Broulee, 
Bateman’s Bay (NMV; C75537, AMS); Wooli (NMV, AMS); Manly Beach 
(NMV, AMS); Long Reef, Collaroy (C69101, C73827, AMS); Collaroy 
Beach (C79167, C 77764, AMS); Curl Curl Beach, Sydney (C50583, 
AMS); Bondi Beach (AMS); Harbord (AMS); Coogee, Sydney (NMV); 
Cronulla (AMS); Botany Bay (C83050, AMS); Broken Bay (NMV); 
Putty Beach, Kilcare (AMS); Newcastle (NMV); Wreck Bay, Sussex Inlet 
(AMS); Bombo, near Kiama (AMS); Port Kembla (AMS); Shellharbour 
(NMV); Ulladulla (AMS); Twofold Bay (C64284, AMS). Queensland: 
Damley I., Torres Strait (C51507, AMS); Two Isles (WAM); NE Herald 
Cay, Coral Sea (C69064, AMS); West Cay, Diamond Islets (C69165, 
AMS); North Keppell I. (NMV); Frederick Reef (C68587, AMS); Tawnum 
Beach (AMS); Caloundra (NMV; Cl2497, AMS); Lady Elliott I. (WAM; 
C72669, C72994, C69177, AMS); Heron I. (NMV); Keppell Bay (C320, 
AMS); Point Lookout, Stradbroke I. (WAM 159-59; AMS); outer beach, 
Stradbroke I. (NMV; C13059, AMS); Moreton Bay (NMV). Tasmania: 
Beach End (Cl 1220, AMS); Falmouth (M210983, NMNZ); Frederick 
Henry Bay (AMS); Clarke I. (NMV). 
Lord Howe Island: (WAM; C13803, C29233, C80906, AMS; NMNZ 
M213985,14); Anson Bay (NMNZ M212602,6); Middleton Reef (NMNZ 
M171237, 1). Norfolk Island: (C59407, C31040, AMS; observed, AGB, 
collection of Mrs M. Hoare, Norfolk); Emily Bay (WM11213, GNS); 
Cemetery Bay (NMNZ M212604, 5). Kermadec Islands: Raoul Island 
(NMV; AWM; C36652, AMS; GNS WM15297, 73; NMNZ M202861,60; 
M202870, 5; M214376, 70). 
