Beu: Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia 
203 
Table 12. Dimensions of Recluziajohnii (* dimensions from 
original publications). H, height; D, diameter; SH, spiral 
height. 
species/locality 
H 
D 
SH 
H/D 
D/SH 
R. hargravesi holotype, neotype of R. johnii 
38.8 
22.9 
22.7 
1.69 
1.00 
R. erythraea, from Jickeli* 
13.0 
8.5 
— 
1.53 
— 
R. turrita, from Philippi* 
14.5 
10.0 
— 
1.45 
— 
R. johnii, Jousseaume’s specimen, MNHN 
23.3 
12.6 
9.3 
1.85 
1.35 
R. hargravesi, AMS, Queensland 
16.9 
10.9 
— 
1.55 
— 
R. hargravesi, AMS, Queensland 
22.7 
14.8 
— 
1.53 
— 
R. hargravesi, AMS, Queensland 
22.5 
13.9 
— 
1.62 
— 
R. hargravesi, AMS, Queensland 
7.5 
4.5 
— 
1.67 
— 
AMS C94285, Queensland 
22.2 
14.8 
14.0 
1.50 
1.06 
AMS C94286, Queensland 
24.5 
14.8 
16.0 
1.66 
0.93 
AMS C94287, Queensland 
17.9 
12.2 
10.3 
1.47 
1.18 
AMS C94287, Queensland 
20.7 
14.7 
13.5 
1.41 
1.09 
NMNZ M242099, Pearl Bay, Queensland 
35.7 
24.04 
18.3 
1.49 
1.31 
GNS WM17360, Swain Reefs, Queensland 
28.8 
20.5 
15.1 
1.40 
1.36 
Remarks. Reduzia johnii is so rare that little can be stated 
about it. It is concluded here that it is a second species of 
Reduzia with a taller, narrower spire with straighter outlines 
than in R. lute a, produced by its greater translation rate and 
slightly more numerous whorls of narrower cross-section. 
Most specimens have faint, irregular sculpture of weak spiral 
and axial grooves and ridges, varying individually, as in R. 
lutea. The teleoconch also tends to be a slightly warmer shade 
of yellow-brown than in R. lutea. Further material is required 
before the status and distribution of R. johnii is certain. 
Riek (2017) published on his web page several excellent 
photographs of specimens collected alive on northern New 
South Wales beaches, showing two specimens of Reduzia 
hargravesi (i.e., R. johnii) feeding on the floating anemone 
Actinecta sp. The Reduzia specimens have extremely long, 
narrow, undivided cephalic tentacles, apparently much more 
extended than those in the photographs of R. lutea. However, 
the bright yellow animal, cylindrical egg capsules, and other 
characters are identical to those of R. lutea. It is notable that 
the floats of all specimens on this web page are as irregularly 
arranged as those of R. lutea in all other photographs 
observed, and it appears that the float of Reduzia species is 
less regular than and formed slightly differently from that of 
Janthina. Denis Riek (Brunswick Heads, NSW, pers. comm. 
11 Nov 2015) confirmed that the cephalic tentacles of all 
Reduzia specimens he has seen are undivided; the double 
appearance in some of his photographs is due to reflection 
on the undersurface of the water in the aquarium. He also 
stated that the photographed specimens ate the Actinecta 
anemones voraciously; they had consumed one anemone 
before he reached home and they could be transferred to 
his aquarium. Thereafter he was able to photograph them 
consuming the remaining anemone. 
An unlocalized specimen from Jousseaume’s collection 
in MNHN (Figs 36B, D; point identified by “JJ” in Fig. 35; 
photographs provided by E. Strong, USNM, pers. comm. 20 
Sep 2012) is similar in spire height to Chemnitz’s (1795:284, 
pi. 210, fig. 2076) drawing of the lost holotype of Recluzia 
johnii. It is unusually narrow, and has a still narrower 
appearance than other Recluzia specimens because its suture 
is markedly shallower and the spire outline consequently 
less strongly stepped than in any other Recluzia specimen 
the writer has examined (H 23.3, D 12.6, SH 9.3 mm; H/D 
= 1.85, D/SH = 1.35; i.e., intermediate between the means 
of R. lutea and R. johnii, dimensions included in Table 12 
and in calculations of dimensions and means for R. johnii, 
including in Table 11). The anterior end of the aperture 
is flared narrowly. It is an unusually pale yellowish grey, 
similar to the colour of Chemnitz’s (1795: 284, pi. 210, 
fig. 2076) drawing, and paler than all other specimens of 
R. johnii and R. lutea observed by the writer. It also has 
seven teleoconch whorls, indicating that the whorls are still 
narrower than those of other specimens assigned to R. johnii. 
This specimen presumably inspired Jousseaume’s (1872) 
note on this species. It possibly represents a third living 
species of Recluzia. However, as only one specimen has 
been observed it must be assumed to be part of the variation 
of R. johnii until more specimens allow it to be evaluated 
more fully. The available material suggests that there are 
two species of Recluzia. 
Recluzia lutea (Bennett, 1840) 
Figs 2S-T, 36E-H, K-P, 37 
Janthina lutea Bennett, 1840: 298 (refers to description by 
Bennett, 1840: 63). 
Janthina turrita “von dem Busch” Philippi, 1849: 15; H. 
Adams & A. Adams, 1854: 87; Morch, 1860: 284; Tryon, 
1887: 39. 
Recluzia jehennei Petit de la Saussaye, 1853: 118, pi. 5, fig. 
3; H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: 87; Morch, 1860: 283; 
Kuster, 1868: 11, pi. 1, fig. 15; Tryon, 1887: 39, pi. 10, 
fig. 28; Smith, 1910: 202; Fisher-Piette, 1950: 14; Bosch 
etal, 1995: 111, fig. 443. 
Reduzia rollandiana Petit de la Saussaye, 1853: 119, pi. 5, 
fig. 2; H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: 87, pi. 69, fig. 2; 
Chenu, 1859: 119, fig. 520; Morch, 1860: 284; Kuster, 
1868: 12, pi. 1,fig. 14; Tryon, 1887: 38, pi. 10, figs 25-27; 
Abbott, 1963: 151; Habe, 1964: 48, pi. 14, fig. 7; Habe 
& Kosuge, 1966: 102, pi. 40, fig. 10; Bennett, 1966: 
43, pi. 11, fig. 1; Abbott, 1968: 92, fig. 4; Cemohorsky, 
1972: 198, pi. 56, fig. 11; Abbott, 1974: 113, fig. 1182; 
Powell, 1976: 107; Powell, 1979: 254, pi. 48, fig. 23; 
Colman, 1986: 3, text-fig.; Rios, 1994: 102, pi. 33, fig. 
417; Spencer & Willan, 1996: 24; Smith, 1998: 813, fig. 
15.151B; Spencer etal., 2009:206; Raven & Bracegirdle, 
2010: 28, text-fig. 
Ianthina lutea Bennett.-Benson, 1860: 413. 
Reduzia bensoni A. Adams, 1861: 402; Yen, 1942: 219, pi. 
19, fig. 122; Tryon, 1887: 39. 
Reduzia montrouzieri Souverbie, 1871: 334; Souverbie, 
1872: 20: 57, pi. 1, fig. 8; Habe & Tokioka, 1953: 57, 
fig. 12. 
Lymnaeal palmeri Dali, 1871: 135. 
ReduziaglobosaE. A. Smith, 1876: 551,pi. 30,fig. 8; Tryon, 
1887: 39, pi. 10, fig. 29. 
Recluzia rollandiana var. (1 annamitica Wattebled, 1886: 67, 
pi. 3, figs 4a-b; Tryon, 1887: 38, pi. 10, fig. 26. 
Recluzia lutea (Bennett).-Oliver, 1915: 525; Hedley, 1918: 
M62; Powell, 1924: 285; Powell, 1937: 74; Powell, 1946: 
77; Powell, 1957: 98; Powell, 1962: 91; Rehder, 1980: 
53, pi. 7, fig. 6; Boone, 1984: 8; Higo etal, 1999: 174; 
Okutani, 2000: 319, pi. 158, fig. 5; Poppe, 2008: 722, 
pi. 306, fig. 2. 
Recluzia palmeri (Dall).-Dall, 1925: 25, pi. 17, fig. 8; Keen, 
1971: 443, fig. 690; Abbott, 1974: 114; Abbott & Dance, 
1982: 70, bottom right fig.; Poorman, 1980: 183. 
Recluzia ejfusa “Martens” Thiele, 1928: 78, footnote, fig. 2 
(shell not illustrated). 
Recluzia hargravesi Cox.-Allan, 1950: 95, text-fig. 22.6; 
