Beu: Evolution of Janthina and Reduzia 
209 
Acknowledgments. Funded initially by the New Zealand 
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, more recently 
by GNS Science Direct Crown Funding. I thank all those friends 
and colleagues who have helped with this research over more 
than 45 years, not all of whom can be remembered here. Access 
provided by Winston Ponder to the collections, loose-leaf 
literature file, and Iredale’s Janthina manuscript in the Australian 
Museum was essential for the work’s completion. I am grateful to 
Philippe Bouchet (MNHN) for many helpful improvements to the 
final manuscript. Much help over many years by Tom Darragh 
(NMV), Bruce Marshall (NMNZ), the late Charles Fleming and 
Phil Maxwell (formerly of New Zealand Geological Survey) 
and the late George Kendrick (formerly of WAM) is greatly 
appreciated. Tom Darragh provided very helpful comments on 
the manuscript at numerous stages and translated several sections 
of German text. The late Nell Fudbrook (Adelaide) received an 
early version of this manuscript in 1976 and exchanged ideas and 
photographs. Joaquin Meco (UFPGC) loaned six of his recently 
collected fossils from Gran Canaria. Bernard Fandau (Albufeira, 
Portugal, and Universidade da Fisboa) accompanied me to Santa 
Maria Island and helped collect fossil Janthina. Carlos Marques 
da Silva (Department) de Geologia, Universidade da Fisboa) 
provided references on Santa Maria and, crucially, photographs 
of the neotype of Hartungia typica\ photography was kindly 
allowed by MIGM. Dimitris Poursanidis (Institute of Applied 
and Computational Mathematics, Heraklion, Crete) provided 
1100 photos of living Janthina specimens from Arina Beach, 
Heraklion, Crete, Tony Healy (Sydney) provided several photos 
of living Janthina and Reduzia specimens from eastern Australia, 
and Denis Riek (Brunswick Heads, NSW) provided several photos 
of living Janthina and Reduzia specimens from northern New 
South Wales. They all allowed me to reproduce their photographs 
and so contributed substantially to knowledge of the biology 
of Janthina and Reduzia. Mandy Reid (AMS) provided lists of 
AMS collections. Peter Poortman (Auckland) loaned specimens of 
Reduzia from northern New Zealand. Karl Krejci-Graf (formerly of 
Universitat Frankfurt) advised me about localities on Santa Maria 
Island, and Ronald Janssen (Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt) 
loaned Krejci-Graf s specimens. Sergio Avila (University of the 
Azores, Ponta Delgado) discussed Santa Maria localities and 
provided photographs and references. David Cowe (Greytown, New 
Zealand) presented a fossil Janthina specimen to GNS. Andrzej 
Kaim (Instytut Paleobiologii, Warsaw) provided photographs of his 
mid-Atlantic ridge specimen. Fuiz Simone (Museu de Zoologia, 
Universidade de Sao Paulo) provided photographs of the holotype 
of Eunaticina abyssalis, and Claire Sheppard (GNS) and Denise 
Kulhanek (IODP Office, College Station, Texas) reported on 
calcareous nannofossils from this specimen. Martin Crundwell 
(GNS) reidentified Colom’s illustrations of Foraminifera in 
Krejci-Graf et al. (1958). The late Harald Rehder (USNM) loaned 
Reduzia specimens and discussed taxonomy. Tom Waller and 
Dan Fevin (USNM) loaned Woodring’s fossil Janthina globosa. 
Arie Janssen (then in Malta; now in Feiden) provided important 
fossil records of Janthina. Walter Etter and Felix Wiedenmayer 
(NMB) provided a catalogue of fossils of the Caribbean region 
in NMB and Walter loaned material from Cantaure, Venezuela, 
and Mayer’s mould from Santa Maria Island. Yuri Kantor (A. N. 
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy 
of Sciences, Moscow) provided the reference by Fischer von 
Waldheim. I acknowledge the use of data from the Fossil Record 
Electronic Database, administered by the Geoscience Society of 
New Zealand and GNS Science. Data on and photographs of type 
specimens were provided by Marco Oliverio (University of Rome 
1 “Fa Sapienza”) and Massimo Appolloni (MCZR), Yves Finet 
(formerly of MHNG), Mary-Anne Binnie (SAMA), Neville Hudson 
(AUGD), Ronald Janssen (SMF), Katrin Schniebs (Senckenberg 
Naturhistorische Sammlung Dresden), Kathe Jensen (ZMUC), 
Erica Sjolin (UPSZTY), Boris Sirenko (Zoological Institute, 
Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg), Emmanuel Robert 
(Universite Fyon-1), Faurent Charles (MHNB), Christine Zorn 
(ZMB) and, in particular, by Virginie Heros (MNHN), Kathie 
Way (NHMUK) and Ellen Strong (USNM). Sven Nielsen (then at 
Christian-Albrechts-Universitat Kiel; pers. comm. 26 Sep 2012) 
and the late R. V. Melville (then ICZN Secretary; pers. comm. 17 
Mar 1975) searched unsuccessfully in Germany for the Schinz 
(1825b) reference. Permission to copy published illustrations was 
kindly provided by Jorgen Nielsen and Kathe Jensen (ZMUC, 22 
Oct 2013; Faursen’s illustrations from Dana Reports ) and David 
Reid (NHMUK; editor. Journal of Molluscan Studies ) and Emma 
Thornton (Oxford University Press, 7 July 2015; Graham’s (1965: 
fig. 5) illustration). I assume that Fraenkel’s (1927) illustrations are 
out of copyright. Kristin Garbett (GNS Fibrary) provided a large 
number of important early references. All photographs of shells 
not otherwise acknowledged are by Marianna Terezow (GNS). 
Fast but by no means least, the final illustrations were prepared by 
Philip Carthew (GNS). 
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