BIRDS AND ALL NATURE. 
ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY. 
Vol. V. JANUARY, 1899. No. 1 
"TESS." 
A REMARKABLE example of ! 
the human-like intelligence of a 
chimpanzee, rivaling that of the 
celebrated "Mr. Crowley," of 
New York, so long the chief object of 
admiration in the museum of Central 
Park, was that of the subject of this 
sketch. "Tess" was captured in Africa 
by Allan Grosch and brought to Bos- 
ton, where she was purchased by Frank 
C. Bostock. She was brought up with 
Mr. Bostock's little girl and was dressed 
the same as any child of three years. 
She walked upright, ate with knife and 
fork, drank from a cup, had better 
table manners than the average child 
of the same age, wore finger-rings, ear- 
rings, and pin, and always surveyed her- 
self in the glass to see that her pin was 
on straight, and her dress hung right; 
she smoked a pipe, drew lines on a 
blackboard, wrote with a pen, and 
imitated Mr. Bostock's little girl in 
many ways. She uttered a few sounds 
which were understood by her master, 
and seemed to understand what was 
said to her. She died of pneumonia 
while being exhibited in the East, was 
purchased by Mr. C. F. Gunther and 
presented by him to the Chicago Acad- 
emy of Sciences. Her age was three 
years and seven months. 
The chimpanzee (Simia troglodytes) 
is considerably smaller than the gor- 
illa; old males reach a height of sixty- 
four inches; females, forty-eight inches. 
The arms are long, reaching a little be- 
low the knee, and possess great mus- 
cular power. In the feet the large toe 
is separated from the others by a deep 
incision; and the sole is flat. The hair 
of the chimpanzee is smooth, the color 
usually black, but in some specimens it 
is a dull, reddish brown. Chimpanzees 
walk on all fours, resting themselves on 
the calloused backs of their hands. 
The toes of the feet are sometimes 
drawn in when walking. Naturalists 
say there is a strong inclination in this 
species to show remarkably varying in- 
dividual types, which has led to contro 
versies as to whether there were not 
several different species. 
That the chimpanzee was known to 
the ancients is made fairly certain 
by the famous mosaic picture which 
once adorned the temple of Fortuna, 
and which is said to be still preserved 
in the Barberini palace at Palestrina in 
Italy. This mosaic represents, among 
many other animals of the Upper Nile 
country, what is believed to have been 
the chimpanzt-e. A young specimen 
was taken to Europe in the beginning 
of the seventeenth century. They have 
been taken there repeatedly since and 
are not infrequent features of the 
European animal market. Several have 
been brought to the United States and 
placed in museums and menageries. 
It was formerly believed that the 
chimpanzee was a gregarious animal, but 
it is now known that there are seldom 
more than five, or, at the utmost, ten 
living together. Sometimes, however, 
they gather in greater numbers for play. 
One observer claims to have seen at 
one time about fifty of them which had 
assembled on trees and amused them- 
selves with screaming and drumming 
on the tree trunks. They shun human 
habitation. Their nests are built in 
trees, not at a great height from the 
ground. They break and twist and 
cross larger and smaller branches and 
support the whole on a strong bough. 
A nest will sometimes be found at the 
end of a bough, twenty or thirty feet 
from the ground. They change abid- 
ing places often in looking for food or 
for other reasons. Two or more nests 
are rarely seen in the same tree. Nests, 
