Bean, Revision of Anisomeles 
357 
on lowermost cluster; bracteoles spathulate 
or linear, 27-4.2 mm long, 0.2-0.5 mm 
wide. Corolla tube longer than calyx, or 
same length as calyx; annulus 3-4 mm from 
base of corolla, annulus hairs 0.2-0.3 mm 
long; upper lip elliptical, 4.9-6.4 mm long, 
with eglandular hairs on outer surface or 
glabrous; lower lip 4.4-7.5 mm long to end of 
lateral lobes, 10.2-11.8 mm long overall, with 
more than 100 eglandular hairs on platform. 
Longest stamens 13.5-17 mm long from base 
of corolla tube; filament hairs 0.9-1.5 mm 
long, mainly along middle part. Style 14-18 
mm long; longer stigma lobe 0.6-0.9 mm 
long, shorter stigma lobe 0.4-0.8 mm long. 
Fruiting calyces 1-2 mm apart on rachilla; 
fruiting calyx obconical, 7.2-10.8 mm long, 
5-7.5 mm wide at lobe apices, 1.3-2 times 
longer than wide, exterior surface with hairs 
of different sizes or types or with all hairs 
same size and type, hairs glandular or hairs 
eglandular, 0.6-2 mm long, sessile glands 
16-96 mm 2 ; lobes attenuate or acute, 3-5 mm 
long. Fruiting calyx fringe hairs about the 
same length throughout, 0.15-0.3 mm long 
at apical end, 0.15-0.3 mm long at sinus end, 
sinus hairs absent, inner surface of tube with 
dense ring of long hairs in medial section or 
with sparse long hairs in medial section or 
glabrous. Nutlets 1.7-1.9 mm long. Figs. 4D, 
7G, 9E. 
Additional selected specimens examined : Caribbean. 
Seamens Valley, Portland, Jamaica, Feb 1920, Maxon 
& Killip 72 (A). Mauritius. lie de France, undated, 
Commerson 263 (L). Pakistan, below the Lowari Pass, 
Sep 1895, Gatacre 17411 (BM). India. Mawryngkneng, 
Khasi Hills, Assam, Oct 1951, Chand 5035 (L); Dehra 
Dun and vicinity, Nov 1927, Singh 287 (NY). Sri 
Lanka. Pitiduwa, Galle district, Oct 1971, Cramer 
3423 (L). Maldives. Hitaddu Islet, Sep 1964, Sigee 
116 (BM). Nepal. SE of Thagaon, above Bhotekoshi 
Nadi, Sep 2011, Watson EKS1N14 et al. (E). Thailand. 
Huay Bankau, Nov 1971, Beusekom 3559 et al. (L); 
Ban Bing Khong, Chiang Mai province, Oct 1987, 
Maxwell 87-1309 (L). Laos. Along path to Ban Silia, 
Khammouan, Oct 2005, Newman et al. LA0486 (E). 
China. Pak Shik Ling and vicinity, Oct 1932, Lei 110 
(NY); Dinghu Mountains, Oct 1963, Ting & Shih 1078 
(L). Japan. Miyako Island, Ryukyus, Jan 1940, Naiko 
s.n. (L). Philippines. Mindanao: Zamboanga, Feb 1904, 
Hallier 4619 (L). Fiji. Levuka, May 1923, Greenwood 
583 (BRI). Indonesia. Java: Buitenzorg, Oct 1922, 
Bakhuizen van den Brink 1939 (L). Sulawesi: Minanga, 
Dec 1895, Koorders 17361B (L). Lesser Sunda Islands: 
Kada, Timor, Jul 1970, Kooy 751 (L); Komodo Island, 
Jun 1982, Verheijen 4921 (L). Papua: N of Andjai village, 
Kebar Valley, Nov 1954, van Royen 5023 (L). Australia. 
Christmas Island, Stubbings Point, W side of South 
Point, Jun 1984, Mitchell 32 (AD, CANB). 
Distribution and habitat : Anisomeles indica 
is a widespread and common species. It 
is indigenous in southern Asia, including 
Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal, 
Bhutan, Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Laos, 
Malaysia, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Japan, 
Philippines and Indonesia (including Papua). 
From its eastern extent, the Ryukyu Islands 
of southern Japan, it extends west to Pakistan, 
north to the foothills of the Himalayas, and 
south to Java and Christmas Island, the latter 
being an external territory of Australia (Map 
4). It grows on a wide range of habitats from 
steep mountain slopes to alluvial flats, and on 
sandy or clayey soils. 
The African Plants Database (APD 
2013) states that A. indica is naturalized 
in Madagascar. Hedge (1998) cited two 
specimens for Madagascar, commenting that 
“Perhaps A. indica is present in Madagascar, 
but this has never been confirmed, even as 
an introduced species”. Baker (1877) stated 
that the occurrences of A. ovata (=A. indica) 
on nearby Mauritius were naturalisations. 
Naturalised populations also occur at Fiji, 
Samoa, Trinidad and Jamaica. 
Phenology : Flowers and fruits have been 
recorded from every month of the year. 
Nomenclature : Govaerts et al. (2013) have 
listed Anisomeles cuneata as a synonym 
of A. malabarica. However, the very good 
illustration in the protologue undoubtedly 
depicts A. indica. The protologue states that 
the plant originated in India, and seeds (sent 
from England) were raised at Vienna botanical 
garden. No specimen matching the protologue 
is present at W (A. Lockher, pers. comm. 
July 2013). In the absence of a specimen, the 
illustration in the protologue is considered the 
type of the name. Fenzl’s name appears after 
the descriptive paragraph, indicating that he 
wrote the validating description, though he 
credits Jacquin with the species epithet. 
The Rheede syntype of Nepeta amboinica 
is referable to Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) 
Wall. (Suddee & Paton 2009). 
