395 
Cooper, Cynometra in Australia 
2 Leaf rachis and petiolules minutely hairy; sepal apices ciliate; ovary 
inner walls pubescent; fruit laterally compressed and distinctly beaked 
partway along dorsal side; new leaves green.1. C. iripa 
2. Leaf rachis and petiolules glabrous on mainland Australia (minutely 
hairy or glabrescent on Christmas Island); sepal apices entire 
or few-toothed; ovary inner walls glabrous or with a few sparse 
hairs; fruit globose and with a small beak near apex of dorsal side; 
new leaves pink .2. C. ramiflora 
1. Cynometra iripa Kostel., Allg. Med- 
Pharm. FI. 4: 1341 (1835). Type: Rheede, 
Hort. Malab. 4: t. 31 (1683). 
Cynometra ramiflora var. bijuga auct. non 
(Span, ex Miq.) Benth. as to type; Bentham 
(1864: 296). 
Cynometra ramiflora auct. non. L.; Bailey 
(1900: 469). 
Illustrations : Parkinson A (1768-71) as 
C. ramiflora ; Lear & Turner (1977: 31) as 
C. ramiflora ; Wightman (1989: 63); Ross 
(1998: 168); Tomlinson (1986: 253); Cooper 
& Cooper (2004: 102); Duke (2006: 136, 137 
[upper image], (2013). 
In Australia: Shrub or tree to 6 m, sometimes 
multistemmed. Bark finely fissured, lenticels 
linear or round, pale; new flush foliage green; 
stipules not seen. Leaves 1-2-jugate; petioles 
1-4 mm long, minutely pubescent; petiole 
+ rachis 9-30 mm long, channelled on the 
upperside, puberulent, lenticels pale; petiolules 
up to 3 mm long, wrinkled, mostly enclosed 
by leaflet base, puberulent on underside, 
glabrescent on upperside; leaflets discolorous, 
asymmetrical, obliquely-elliptical, obliquely- 
oblong, obliquely-obovate or obliquely-ovate; 
basal pair 8.5-50 x 5-30 mm; terminal pair 
23-85 x 11-50 mm; coriaceous, glabrous; 
base oblique, cuneate, attenuate or obtuse; 
apex obtuse and emarginate; margin entire; 
venation brochidodromous, primary vein 
raised (more so on under-side); secondary 
veins 6-10 pairs, slightly raised on both sides 
of dried specimens but ± flush on fresh leaves, 
angle of divergence from primary vein 50-70°, 
forming loops 2-5 mm from margin; tertiary 
venation reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, 
terminal or ramiflorous, solitary racemes or 
a fascicle of racemes on a swelling, racemes 
3-9-flowered; bracteoles 1 or 2 towards pedicel 
base, filiform, 1.5-3 mm long, sparsely hairy, 
caducous. Flowers fragrant, erect, 6.5-8.5 
x 5.5-8 mm wide; receptacle inverted cone- 
shaped, c. 1.5 x 1.5 mm; sepals 4, unequal in 
width, lanceolate or oblong-ovate, becoming 
reflexed and often incurved at apex, 2.5-3 x 
0.5-1.7 mm, white or very pale pink; margin 
at apex ciliate, from mid position to base 
entire or sparsely ciliate; glabrous or with 
few sparse hairs on abaxial surface; petals 
5, white or very pale pink, lanceolate, 2-3 
x 0.5-0.7 mm, glabrous, caducous; stamens 
10; filaments terete, 4-7 mm long, straight or 
curved, glabrous; anthers c. lxl mm, brown; 
ovary inserted excentrically on a short stipe, 
c. 2.25 x 1.25 mm, pink, white pubescent 
externally, appressed-pubescent internally; 
ovules 1 (rarely 2); style slender, almost 
directly in line with dorsal margin of ovary or 
excentric to varying degrees, becoming more 
excentric post anthesis, 2-4 mm long, sparsely 
hairy from median section to base; stigma 
capitate. Fruit on a 6-10 mm long pedicel, an 
asymmetrical nut with a distinct beak at apex 
of dorsal suture and partway along dorsal 
side, suborbicular, laterally compressed, 30- 
40 x 30-34 x 17.5-20 mm, deeply rugose, 
glabrescent, scurfy, brown; seeds 1 (rarely 2), 
25-29 x 17-20 mm. wrinklepod mangrove. 
Figs. 1A, 2A-C. 
Additional selected specimens (from 60 examined ): 
Australia: Northern Territory. Ingliss Island, Dec 
1987, Dunlop 7510 (CANB); Arnhem Bay, Probable 
Island, Oct 2009, Westaway 3190 (NSW). Queensland. 
Cook District: c. 6 km NE of Mapoon community, 
Sep 2006, Wharton s.n. (BRI [AQ783524]); Cape York 
Peninsula, E of Bramwell Homestead on Olive River, 
Dec 1987, Kanis 2047 (CANB); Weipa Concession, 
Marmoss Creek, Sep 1974, Dockrill 853 (CNS); near 
Taylors Landing, Claudie River, Jul 2014, Cooper 2239, 
Jensen & Venables (CNS); Nesbit River, Jun 1995, 
Forster PIF17083 (CNS); Annie River, Dec 1978, Duke 
AIM877 (BRI); Endeavour River Estuary, May 1991, 
Le Cussan 25 (CNS); Cooktown, Keatings Lagoon 
