Cooper, Cynometra in Australia 
mm long, glabrous; bracteoles near pedicel 
bases boat-shaped and keeled, 3-3.5 x c. 1.5 
mm, ciliate at apex, dorsal surface with hairs 
along keel line and some scattered minute 
hairs may be present, caducous. Flowers 
with an unpleasant odour, erect, 5-9 x c. 9 
mm; receptacle inverted cone-shaped, c. 1.5 x 
1.5-2.5 mm; sepals 4, oblong-ovate, c. 5 x 2.5 
mm, white, apex acute and somewhat ragged 
or slightly fimbriate, otherwise margin entire, 
glabrous; petals 5, obovate-lanceolate, 5.5-6 
x c. 1.5 mm, white, caducous, glabrous, apex 
acute or mucronate and somewhat ragged or 
slightly fimbriate, otherwise margin entire; 
stamens 10; filaments terete, straight or 
curved, 6-8 mm long, glabrous; anthers c. 
1.25 mm long, cream to brown; ovary inserted 
slightly off centre on its stipe, c. 1 mm long, 
yellowish or pink, pubescent externally, 
internal walls glabrous (or with a few sparse 
hairs Cooper 2245); ovules 1-3; style in line 
with dorsal suture or frequently excentric, 
3-3.5 mm long, sparse hairs towards base; 
stigma capitate. Fruit on a 3-10 mm long 
pedicel, an asymmetrical, somewhat globose 
nut, but flattened on the ventral side, 38-52 x 
37-42 x 28.5-40 mm, rust brown coloured, 
woody, rugose, scurfy, minutely and sparsely 
pubescent, beak short, near apex of dorsal 
suture, seed solitary, wrinklepod mangrove. 
Figs. IB, 2C & D, 3 
Additional selected specimens {from 18 examined ): 
Malaysia. Pahang, Kuantan Telok Chempedak Bay, Jul 
1992, Saw FRI37559 (CNS). Papua New Guinea. New 
Britain Province: Cape Roebuck, west of Fullerborn 
Harbour, May 1973, Womersley NGF41214 (CNS). 
Western province: Morehead River, c. 8 miles inland, 
Aug 1967, Pullen 7057 (CANB), 7074 (CANB); junction 
of Bensbach & Tarl Rivers, Bensbach sub-district, Aug 
1967, Ridsdale & GaloreNGF33711 (CANB). Australia. 
Christmas Island. SE Ross Hill, Mar 2002, Holmes 
CI43 & Holmes (CANB); Cultivated at National Park 
Headquarters, Dec 2014, Cooper 2285 & Maple (CNS); 
Cultivated at 21 Central Rehab Field, Dec 2014, Cooper 
2286 & Maple (CNS). Queensland. Cook District: Paira 
Homestead, Sep 1991, Sankowsky 1223 (CNS); Old Paira 
Homestead Road, Cape York, Feb 1992, Sankowsky 1320 
(CNS); Jardine River, Nov 1978, Stirling AIM462 (BRI); 
Jardine River, Oct 2014, Cooper 2267, Jensen, Kemp & 
Zdenek (CNS); Jardine River, Oct 2014, Cooper 2265, 
Jensen, Kemp & Zdenek {C NS); Jardine River, Oct 2014, 
Cooper 2268, Jensen, Kemp & Zdenek (CNS); ex Mew 
River, Muddy Bay, Cape York (cultivated at Tolga), Oct 
2005, Sankowsky 2668 & Sankowsky (BRI); ditto Joe., 
(cult, by Sankowsky at Tolga), Oct 2014, Cooper 2258, 
399 
Fig. 3. Cynometra ramiflora showing pink colouration 
on pendulous new leaves {Sankowsky 2668 et al. [CNS]). 
Photo: G. Sankowsky. 
Cooper & Sankowsky (CNS); Cairns Botanic Gardens 
(ex Mew River), May 2014, Cooper 2275 & Venables 
(CNS); Cairns Botanic Gardens (ex Mew River), Aug 
2014, Cooper 2245, Cooper & Roberts (CNS). 
Distribution and habitat : Cynometra 
ramiflora occurs in India, Sri Lanka, 
South-east Asia (including Thailand), 
Malesia (including Indonesia, Malaysia, 
the Philippines, New Guinea), Melanesia 
(Solomon Islands, New Caledonia) and 
Australia. 
On mainland Australia, it has been 
recorded from two locations from north 
Queensland near Cape York (Map 1). One 
site is along the Jardine River in areas of 
back mangal on white sand and mangrove 
mud where it co-occurs with Acrostichum 
speciosum Willd., Calophyllum inophyllumL., 
Cerbera manghas L., Crinum pedunculatum 
R.Br., Heritiera littoralis Dryand., Melaleuca 
quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T.Blake, Rhizophora 
spp. and Xylocarpus granatum K.D.Koenig. 
The second is near the Mew River on the east 
coast adjacent to mangroves in swamp forest 
dominated by Livistona benthamii F.M.Bailey. 
On Christmas Island, C. ramiflora occurs 
in isolated relict mangroves on an elevated 
