2 
Records of the Australian Museum (2016) Vol. 68 
Material and methods 
This study was based on the examination of 229 adult 
specimens borrowed from or deposited in the following 
institutions or collections: Australian Museum, Sydney 
(AMS); Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, 
Australia (ANIC); Canadian National Collection of Insects, 
Ottawa, Canada (CNC); Museum Victoria, Melbourne 
(NMV). 
Terms used for adult structures primarily follow those 
of Cumming & Wood (2009), except for the antenna and 
wing venation, where the terms of Stuckenberg (1999) 
and Saigusa (2006) are used, respectively. To facilitate 
observation, terminalia were macerated in hot 85% lactic 
acid and immersed in glycerin. All specimens are dried 
and mounted on pins. Label data of holotypes are cited in 
full, with original spelling, punctuation and date; lines are 
delimited by a slash mark (/), and a semicolon separates 
data quoted from different labels. Secondary type data are 
abridged and listed alphabetically. 
The following abbreviations are used in the descriptions 
and material examined sections: acr —acrostichal setulae; 
bm-m —basal medial-medial crossvein; ck —creek; CuA — 
anterior branch of cubital vein; CuP —posterior branch of 
cubital vein; dc —dorsocentral setae; dm —discal medial cell; 
MT —Malaise trap; NP —National Park; npl —notopleural 
setae; pal —postalar setae; ph —posthumeral seta; ppm — 
postpronotal setae; presutspal —presutural supra-alar setae; 
psut spal —postsutural supra-alar setae; R —radial vein; 
sctl —scutellar bristles; T — lQxg\iQ,ypans —yellow pan traps. 
A cladistic analysis of the species level relationships of 
the genus Hydropeza was performed using the parsimony 
program PAUP*4.0bl0 (Swofford, 1998). A heuristic search 
with stepwise addition was implemented to find the most 
parsimonious trees using random addition sequence of taxa, 
tree-bisection-reconnection (TBR) branch swapping and 
1000 random replications. All characters were unordered and 
of equal weight, MulTrees option in effect, with ACCTRAN 
optimization. The data matrix (Table 1) consisted of 22 
morphological characters, including 2 multi-state characters 
(Table 2), compiled for 16 species of Hydropeza , which 
included all Australian and Chilean species and a selection 
of New Zealand species. Hormopeza senator Melander was 
used as the outgroup taxon and to root the trees. 
Taxonomy 
Subfamily Ragadinae subfam. nov. 
Type-genus: Ragas Walker, 1837: 229. 
Diagnosis. Males dichoptic or holoptic; eyes with or without 
ommatrichia; scape with setae (absent in Hormopeza 
Zetterstedt); labrum stout and recurved at least in females, 
lacinia freely projecting; apical epipharyngeal comb present 
(absent in Hydropeza)', laterotergite bare (except Dipsomyia 
Bezzi); fore coxa with erect, spine-like setae (absent in 
Hormopeza ); costa circumambient (although sometimes 
weakened posteriorly); R 4+5 branched; apex of phallus often 
emitting membranous tube; female cercus short, broad with 
fine setae (Sinclair, 1999; Sinclair & Cumming, 2006). 
Figures 1-2. (1) Hydropeza aptera (drawn by Hannah Finlay). (2) McPartlan Pass, Tasmania, type-locality of H. aptera (photograph: M. 
Driessen). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. 
