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Z 42 
currently available for site QML1384 (e.g., cave stratigraphy 
and dating). Regardless, the loss of Middle Pleistocene 
rainforests from both the Mt. Etna and Marmor regions, was 
likely the result of significant Middle Pleistocene climate 
change (Hocknull et al., 2007). The local extinction of 
several arboreal rainforest mammals, and survival of the 
extant Phascolarctos since the Middle Pleistocene, further 
highlights the vulnerability of rainforest-associated faunas 
to vast climatic perturbations. 
Acknowledgments. We thank Gregory E. Webb (Queensland 
University of Technology) and Alex G. Cook (Queensland 
Museum) for their assistance in site and palaeoecological 
interpretations. Cec and Doris Wilkinson, and Noel Sands and 
family are thanked for assistance in field collection, as well as 
countless students and volunteers. Heather Janetzki (Queensland 
Museum) kindly provided access to modern comparative Koala 
material. We especially thank Karen Black for constructive 
criticisms that greatly improved the paper. This research was 
funded in part by an Australian Research Council (ARC) 
Discovery Grant to Price (DP0881279), an ARC Linkage Grant 
to Hand, Archer, Webb, Zhao and Hocknull (LP0453664), The 
University of Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, 
and the Queensland Museum. We also wish to thank our industry 
partners, Cement Australia, Central Queensland Speleological 
Society, Rockhampton Regional Development, and the Riversleigh 
Interpretative Centre for their financial support. 
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