Timms: A revision of Limnadopsis clam shrimps 
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lindrical to muffin-shaped in L. parvispinus with multiple 
parallel grooves in the outer cortex; ( d) most flagellomeres 
have six dorsal spines in L. parvispinus, but five in L. oc¬ 
cidentalism, (e) fewer setae and fewer spines on the caudal 
claws inL. occidentalis (ca 12 setae inL. occidentalis and c. 
15 in L. parvispinus', 2-6 spines in L. occidentalis and 4-9 
spines in L. parvispinus ); and (/) usually one fewer lobule 
in the first antenna in L. occidentalis (6-9, verses 7-10 in 
L. parvispinus). 
Limnadopsis paradoxa n.sp. 
Figs. 2G, 4D, 5K,L, 13 
Types. Holotype 6 WAM C39341, allotype $ WAM 
C39342, paratypes 2S, 2$, WAM C39343, 3 cT, 2$, AM 
P76808. Type locality: Western Australia, E of Grass Patch, 
Sieda Farm, Fitzgerald Paddock 81, temporary pool, 33° 13'S 
121°47'E, 2.ii.2007, B.V. Timms. 
Other material. Western Australia: 4cT, S of Newdegate, 
Fake Bryde, 33°21’S 118°49'E, 21.iii.2006, D. Cale, WAM 
C39344; c. 20 individuals, S of Newdegate, Fake Bryde 
East, 33°22'S 118°54'E, 21.iii.2006, D. Cale, WAM C39345; 
c. 20 individuals, SE of Salmon Gums, along Guest Rd, 
temporary pool in paddock, 33°06'S 121°46'E, 254.2007, 
B.V. Timms, WAM C39346; > 50 individuals, E of Grass 
Patch, Sieda Farm, Fitzgerald Paddock 81, temporary pool, 
33°13'S 121°47’E, 2.ii.2007, B.V. Timms, WAM C39347; 
>50 individuals, SE of Scaddan, Truslove Nature Reserve, 
a paperbark swamp, 33°20'50"S 121°46'5"E, 274.2007, 
B.V Timms, WAM C39348. South Australia: 1<3, N of 
Woomera, Olympic Dam, 30°28’S 136°44’E, 12.ii.1981, M.J. 
Tyler, SAM C6351. New South Wales: 1 6, near Wilcannia, 
roadside ditch 19.5 km east of town, 31°41'S 143°427'E, 
144.2007, B.V Timms. 
Habitat and distribution. Limnadopsis paradoxa lives in 
freshwater intermittent ponds and lakes, that are somewhat 
turbid or humic. More is known about the habitat of this 
new species than the others, because the author is person¬ 
ally familiar with the area. The ponds and lakes fill every 
few years and may take two or more years to dry (e.g., Lake 
Bryde, Cale et al., 2004) or dry within months (e.g., pools 
on Sieda Farm, A. Longbottom, pers. comm.). In all sites it 
was found only in the early period of inundation. It is known 
mainly from the southeastern wheatbelt of Western Australia, 
specifically south of Newdegate and north of Esperance. Two 
outlier populations were found much further east, in central 
South Australia and in southwestern NSW. 
In Lake Bryde, it was collected in March, 2006, six weeks 
after a major filling, and at the time the lake was fresh (EC 
549 pS/cm), alkaline (pH 7.8), warm (21.8°C), well oxygen¬ 
ated (88% saturation), and only slightly coloured (D. Cale, 
pers. comm.) This lake fills to overflowing only occasion¬ 
ally (every few years in the 1990s to 2000s, S. Halse, pers. 
comm.); normally the episodic fillings result in a shallow, 
fresh to slightly saline lake that takes 12-24 months to dry. 
At such times it holds the clam shrimps Caenestheria sp. 
and Caenestheriella sp., but apparently not Limnadopsis 
paradoxa (Cale et al., 2004). 
In seven sites at Grass Patch it appeared as adults within 
three weeks of filling in late January, 2007. These ponds are 
c. 20-50 m in diameter, saucer-shaped and up to 2 m deep. 
They were once Melaleuca swamps, but many are now 
usually farmed for cereals. They fill partially, or deeply as 
Fig. 13. Limnadopsis paradoxa n.sp., Sieda Farm, Grass Patch, WA. Male: (A) carapace; (B) head; (C) telson; (D) 
second clasper. Female: ( E) carapace; (F) head; (G) telson. For clarity some growth lines of the carapace are incom¬ 
pletely shown anterior to umbo. Scale bars 1 mm. 
