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Records of the Australian Museum (2014) Vol. 66 
Males (N = 7): maximum length (L max ) mean 0.68 mm, 
range 0.66-0.70 mm, body length (L U rs) mean 0.63 mm, 
range 0.62-0.67 mm; cephalosome width (W) mean 0.46 
mm, range 0.43-0.47 mm, length 0.35 mm; caudal ramus 
width 0.05 mm, length 0.05 mm; antennule (fully extended) 
0.19 mm, length of anterior comb on antennule 0.02 mm; 
spermatophore 0.23 x 0.07 mm. 
Ratios: L U rs/W 1.38, LmaxAV 1.47, cephalosome 52% of 
Lmax; caudal ramus 1/w 1.0; antennule 28% of body length; 
segment 3+4 40%, dactylus 33% of antennule length; 
spermatophore 34% of Lmax. 
Description. Adult females (Fig. 15A; Plate II, p. 163): 
colour pink. Body outline elliptical, rostrum prominent, 
narrow. Dorsal pits conspicuous (4-6 pm), hyaline border 
(8 pm wide) appears striated due to edge of overlapping pits 
that project about 4 pm over hyaline border (Fig. 15E, 18D). 
Twelve or more conspicuous marginal glands on each side 
of the cephalosome with ducts that open just above hyaline 
border (Figs 15A,E, 18A,D). Similar glands are found in 
the epipleura of metasome segments, genital double-somite, 
caudal rami and P5 limbs. Dorsal surface of genital double¬ 
somite with pits, lateral border smoothly curved without 
notch or scar to indicate boundary between anterior and 
posterior lobes, border setules absent except for a few short 
setules at pointed posterior extremity, arch less than half 
length of genital double-somite (Fig. 15B). Genital opening 
as shown in Fig. 15F. Labrum without ridge plates. Caudal 
rami (Fig. 15D) widen posteriorly (maximum width about 
Vs down ramus), dorsal surface with faint reticulation. Beta 
seta almost half way down ramus, y seta slightly recessed 
on posterior border, T1 recessed at lateral corner, T2 and T3 
setae extremely close, T4 short at medial corner, posterior 
border thickened with three dorsal ridges (Fig. 15C), fine 
setules along posterior border. Structure and setation of 
mouthparts and ambulatory limbs typical of family. Antenna 
(Fig. 16A) basis with diagonal row of triangular setules, 
marginal setules on segments 1 and 2 of endopod, exopod 
with five finely plumulose setae and one spinous seta, three 
lateral setae on segment 2 of endopod, geniculate setae with 
plain terminal section, small sensory structure present, claw 
comb-like. Mandible (Fig. 16B) with small group of setules 
on anterior lobe of palp. Maxillule (Fig. 16G) with single 
seta on exopod. Maxilla and maxilliped as in (Fig. 16F, 
C). PI endopod segment 1 narrow (1/w = 1.28), (Fig. 16H) 
with small triangle of denticulate setules at lateral comer of 
fimbriate crescent. Serrulate spinous seta on segment 3 of P2 
endopod 3 A length of endopod (Fig. 17A). Serrulate spinous 
seta on segment 2 of P3 endopod (Fig. 17B) equal in length to 
endopod (1:1), large serrate spinous seta on segment 3 longer 
than endopod (1.35:1). Endopod of P4 with a plain spinous 
seta on segment 2 and similar first internal seta on segment 3 
(Fig. 17D). Baseoendopod ofP5 with triangular prominence 
on posterior border (Fig. 16D), exopod lanceolate, dorsal 
surface with pits, ventral expansion below falciform ridge 
(Fig. 16E) lies under edge of genital double-somite, first 
dorsal seta very small or absent, second seta long, apex with 
two setae. Females carry 12 eggs. 
Adult males (Fig. 18A). Colour pink. Anterior of 
cephalosome rounded, only slightly truncated, shoulders 
smoothly rounded, lateral angle of antennule socket 
prominent. Hyaline border, marginal glands and border 
striations as for female (Fig. 18D). Caudal rami (Fig. 18C) 
widen posteriorly (maximum width almost twice proximal 
width), lateral and posterior border convex, length equal 
to maximum width, dorsal surface with faint reticulate 
pattern. Setation similar to female, but posterior border 
without three dorsal ridges. Antennule (Fig. 18F), anterior 
comb on segment 3 broad (spatulate), small finger-like 
ventral process present between anterior comb and n setae. 
First coupling denticle flat with double row of serrations 
along edge, second denticle longer, widens distally, without 
serrated edge, third denticle circular without serrated edge 
(Fig. 18E). Dactylus straight, 3 A length of segment 3+4, 
no terminal hook. Aesthetasc very long (about 3 A length of 
antennule). Limbs as described for female except for the 
following differences. P2 with two plumose terminal setae 
on segment 3 of endopod (Fig. 17F). Terminal spinous seta 
on P3 endopod equal in length to endopod. P4 endopod 
setae not spinous (Fig. 17E). P5 trapezoid (Fig. 17C), dorsal 
surface with pits, about 15 fine ventral setules at base of first 
(lateral) seta, diagonal row of five or six setules at base of 
each terminal seta. Spermatophore large (Vs body length). 
Cells secreting spermatophore capsule shown in Fig. 18B. 
Etymology. The trivial name, spathoides , refers to the broad 
spatulate anterior comb on segment 3 of the male antennule 
(G. spathe = ladle or spatula + oides = shape). It contrasts 
with the long narrow comb on Japanese species. 
Remarks. The genus Kushia is known from Japan, but K. 
spathoides is the first record for Australia. 
Distribution. This species was collected from Caulerpa 
vesicidifera growing in a coral rock pool at Arrawarra 
Head, NSW, but was not found at Nambucca Heads (60 
km south) or Ballina (140 km north). All females in type 
series, (Awl4,11/82, 42 $$, 41 SS, 26 juveniles) carry 
eggs, nine of the males were coupled to juvenile females, 
V. A. Harris 1982. 
Genus Acutiramus 
Harris & Robertson, 1994 
Acutiramus Harris & Robertson, 1994:288.—Bodin, 1997:67. 
Kioloaria Harris, 1994.—Bodin, 1997: 67. 
Porcellidium. —Thompson & Scott, 1903: 275; Geddes, 
1968: 11; Humes & Ho, 1969:115; Hicks & Webber, 1983: 
439; Ho, 1986:21; Kim & Kim, 1996: 376; Walker-Smith, 
2001: 655; Wells, 2007: 80. 
Type species. Acutiramus rufolineatus Harris & Robertson, 
1994: 289. 
Diagnosis. No anterior comb or denticle near 8 seta on 
male antennule segment 3, typically two coupling denticles 
on segment 4; female caudal ramus typically rhomboid but 
may taper distally; terminal setae T1 to T4 always present, 
T4 at posterior apex; six setae on maxillule endopod; coxae 
of maxillipeds touch in midline; no ventral expansion to 
female P5, P5 limbs reach beyond genital double-somite and 
caudal rami to touch one another posteriorly; spermatophore 
elongate, ephemeral on female. 
Species composition. Species possessing these features 
fall into two distinct groups—those living as inquilines or 
commensals with hermit crabs and those free living on algae. 
