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SUN-FLOWER, &r* 
preparing oil from their seeds, of which they produce an 
immense number. 
The Sun-flower was formerly called Marigold also, as 
the Marigold was termed Sun-flower. Gerard styles it the 
Sun marigold. 
In old authors, the name for the plant, which is now 
more strictly and properly designated the Marigold, is 
Golds, or Rudds. Golds, or Gouldes, is a name given 
by the country-people to a variety of yellow flowers; and 
the name of the Virgin Mary has been added to many 
plants which were anciently, for their beauty, named after 
Venus, of which the Marigold is one: Costmary, the Vir¬ 
gin Mary’s Costus, is another. 
The Field Marigold is a native of most parts of Europe, 
and differs but little from the garden Marigold, except in 
being altogether smaller. 
There are many varieties of the Garden Marigold; one 
of which, the Proliferous, called by Gerard the fruitful 
Marigold, is, as he says, ‘ called by the vulgar sort of 
women, Jack-an-apes on horseback.’ Although this species 
of Marigold is generally yellow, there is a variety with 
purple flowers. 
Linnaeus has observed, that the Marigold is usually open 
from nine in the morning to three in the afternoon. This 
circumstance attracted early notice, and on this account 
the plant has been termed Solisequa (Sun-follower), and 
Solis sponsa, Spouse of the Sun. 
The Heliotrope is the same with the Turnsole, both 
names being derived from words which signify to turn 
with the sun. 
