622 
FOREST AND STREAM 
SPRATT’S DOG CAKES 
and PUPPY BISCUITS 
Mi The Standard Dog 
' , and Puppy Foods 
See that every cake is stamped 
thus “X” 
__ Send 2c. stamp for “Dog Cult¬ 
s' ure” which contains valuable in¬ 
formation regarding kennel man¬ 
agement, rearing, etc. 
SPRATT’S PATENT LIMITED 
NEWARK,'N.J. {:: [SAN FRANCISCO :: ST. LOUIS 
CLEVELAND 
MONTREAL 
with the sportsmen’s point of view. Their great 
desire in administrating the Federal migratory 
bird law, as well as other Federal laws for the 
conservation of game birds and mammals, is to 
prevent the wiping out of our game resources, 
in order not only that the species may be pre¬ 
served but that good hunting may be continued 
into the distant future. 
During the past six years, the work of the Bio¬ 
logical Survey in stopping game slaughter has 
made for that bureau many enemies. Those who 
wish to insure good shooting for 5° ° r 100 years 
hence are mighty friendly to the Washington 
game protectors. Anything that would in any 
manner hamper or curtail the activites of the 
Biological Survey in wild life protection would 
be a calamity in direct proportion to its measure 
of effect. The sportsmen and friends of wild 
life need to thank Congress most fervently for 
having given us that one powerful engine of 
protection, and kept it running. 
Hands off the Biological Survey! If it ever 
is seriously threatened, 100,000 strong men and 
earnest women will rush to its defence. No other 
nation on earth has, or ever had, such an expres¬ 
sion of governmental force for the defense of 
wild life, and the perpetuation of gentlemanly 
sport with the gun. In this respect we are the 
most envied nation. It was a great day when the 
Survey was ordered to help defend wild life, and 
I am thoroughly assured that the people of the 
United States mean that the activities of that 
bureau shall not be diminished. 
William T. Hornaday. 
AN ANALYSIS OF THE RECORD SURF 
CAST. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
It was with great satisfaction that I witnessed 
Dr. Simon’s wonderful cast of 379 ft. 8 inches 
at Asbury Park early in August, for about four 
months previous thereto we shook hands over 
the Doctor’s prophesy that the 375 ft. mark 
would be touched this season. 
Upon the latter occasion Mr. Willis M. Finch, 
an ardent patron of the sport of surf casting, 
held a stop watch on some of our casts and suc¬ 
ceeded in getting a pretty fair line upon the 
length of time elapsing between the release of a 
355 ft. cast of the Doctor’s and the striking of 
the lead. The watch registered four and a quar¬ 
ter seconds. As the wind was somewhat heavier 
at Asbury Park it is probable that the 379 2-3 
ft. cast consumed about the same period of time. 
I find from the roughly plotted curve of a 
cast in which the lead is given an elevation of 
75 feet at the highest point of its flight, that the 
actual distance it travels along its trajectory is 
about 425 ft., the 75 ft- elevation being what it 
appeared to my eye. 
This elevation also checks with the time ele¬ 
ment in the cast, as the lead must rise for one- 
half of the time it is in the air and fall for the 
other half. The law of falling bodies tells us 
that 75 ft. is about the distance the lead would 
fall in 2% seconds. 
As the lead used weighed 4 ounces we thus 
have very close approximation of the three im¬ 
portant mechanical elements in the cast: To-wit 
time 4!4 seconds, length 425 ft., and weight 4 
ounces. 
To the best of my judgment, based as much 
upon corroborating calculations as upon observa¬ 
tion, the time consumed in bringing the lead from 
a state of rest to the point where the thumb 
releases the reel is one-third of a second. It is 
during this period that acceleration is applied 
to the lead to give it its initial velocity. 
The Doctor’s rod is within an inch or two 
of nine feet in length. He takes a lead of about 
six feet of line. To the sum of these must be 
added the radius of the arc through which his 
hands move in delivering the cast before we 
can approximate the radius of the arc through 
which the lead swings. Say the hands swing 
through a two-foot radius. Thus we would have 
a total radius of 9+6+2 ft. or 17 ft. Assuming 
the arc through which the cast is made from 
start to release to be 180 degrees it will readily 
be perceived that the distance traveled by the 
lead in that one-third second is about 54 ft., or 
at the rate of 162 ft. per second. Thus we find 
that the 4 oz. lead starts upon its journey with 
an energy of 40 j 4 foot-pounds. 
Again referring to the law of falling bodies 
we learn that the lead in falling 75 ft.'strikes 
the ground with an energy equal to its weight 
multiplied by its velocity. As the velocity at 
the end of 2% seconds would be about 72 ft. 
per second, the energy would be some 18 foot¬ 
pounds. Deducting this from 40^2 foot-pounds, 
the initial velocity, there remains 22^2 foot¬ 
pounds expended during 4% seconds to be trans¬ 
lated in distance. 
Eliminating the known element, four ounces, 
from this energy, 22^4 foot-pounds, the velocity 
is seen to be 90 ft. per second. This velocity 
maintained for 4% seconds gives 382 ft. 6 inches 
which is very close to the actual cast of 379 ft. 
8 inches. Some of the difference may be ac¬ 
counted for by the fact that the Doctor does not 
always crowd the casting point closely for fear 
of overstepping. 
A very interesting point in this little journey 
into the mechanics of the surf cast is the ap¬ 
parent contradiction between the initial energy 
imparted to the casting weight, 40^/2 foot-pounds, 
and the breaking strain of the Doctor’s line, 12 
pounds, which must be reduced a further 20 per 
cent, to 9.6 pounds at the point where the line 
is knotted to the lead. 
And to thumb that big reel for 4% long sec¬ 
onds with such nicety that every turn of line 
goes off the exact top of the spool without the 
sign of a back lash! Oh, joy, thy name is the 
surf cast! 
I’ve been reading of squidding for big blues 
with the surf rod on Fire Island beach. What 
say you, Muller, Spencer, La Branche, is there 
any cast that can equal, for pure and unadulter¬ 
ated excitement that which you made with a 5- 
inch Belmar squid on a 9- or 12-thread line when 
you wallop it out toward a school of 6 or 8 
pounders that are murderously lashing into the 
Safety 
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MORRIS HEIGHTS, HEW TORE CITT 
