F O REST A XI) STREAM 
1015 
wind increases, the speed decreases to a standstill. I 
Similarly, if the tide or current is against him, the 
long canoe gives the single paddler more weight and ! 
more surface to push against the tide. 
I took out an 18-foot canoe the other day (no wind) 
and two of us paddled it a mile in the Delaware River 
with the tide in iiJ 4 minutes, and coming back against 
the. tide we did the mile in i8;4 minutes. I then 
took the canoe by myself as a single hander, but the 
best I could do going with the tide was 15 minutes 
and coming back against the tide 28 minutes. I then 
took my single hander 13 footer and did the mile with 
the tide in 15 minutes and coming back against the 
tide in 2354 minutes. 
With two paddling the 18 footer made good time; 
but as a single hander, she slowed down very decidedly 
and her length was a disadvantage. With the single 
hander 13 footer, I did better, beating myself in the 
xS by 454 minutes in the two miles. 
It will be observed that going with the tide I made 
the mile in the same time in the single hander 13, 
as in the 18 used as a single hander, but coming back 
against the tide the 13 footer gained 4J4 minutes over 
the 18 footer. This is characteristic. The short canoes 
are excellent tide cheaters. One person forces them 
very easily against a current. But one person trying 
to force an 18 footer against the tide, has more of a 
wetted surface for the tide to act upon as well as 
the greater weight of the canoe to overcome. Turned 
the other way with the 18 footer, running with the 
tide, the wetted surface and weight are much less of 
a disadvantage and the 18 and the 13 as single handers 
make the distance in about the same time. 
In this trial there was a very decided difference that 
could not be recorded in minutes. The 13 footer ran 
buoyantly and easy, responding pleasantly to every 
stroke and giving beneficial elastic exercise. The 18 
footer on the other hand, when used as a single hander, 
dragged all the time and gave one labor rather than 
exercise. 
The times made in the trial are not fast and no 
attempt was made to make them so. I tried to keep 
steadily to the all day long cruising stroke. Similar 
trials made by others would vary very much. Canoeing 
is largely a personal equation. That is part of the in¬ 
terest and pleasure of it. Canoes are very much like 
shot guns in that respect. 
Many people I find dread using a canoe against a 
tide or current and will assert positively, that canoe¬ 
ing on tidal waters is out of the question. If they 
would use the short single hander, they would change' 
their minds. They would soon go to the other extreme 
and be seeking currents and tidal waters. Forcing a 
long canoe single handed against tide is, of course, 
a drag and naturally disgusts them; but I have always 
found it particularly invigorating and arousing to take 
a short single hander against stream. The respon¬ 
siveness of your little craft rewards your efforts and 
you want to go on and on. Often I have tired of 
easy going down stream and have welcomed the in¬ 
spiration of a turn against the current. The struggle, 
the combat with nature, is the secret of a pleasant out¬ 
ing. If the struggle overwhelms you, if you are beaten 
all the time, or if it is mere drudgery, you, of course, 
do not want it. But if you win with difficulty, and 
yet without drudgery, it is exercise and recreation; and 
that is what the single hander does. 
Another prejudice to be combatted, is the notion that 
you must have more than one person in a canoe or 
else a load of a hundred pounds or more in order to 
balance it. This is altogether a mistake. It arises 
largely, I think, because canoes, especially the long 
ones, are built with fixed seats arranged for two | 
people. Of course, when you get into such a canoe 
alone, you cannot use these seats; your weight will 
be in the wrong place. You must use a movable stool 
or box, bringing your weight forward enough to bal¬ 
ance the craft. Even then you will, at first, prob¬ 
ably not get on well because you are unaccustomed 
to the stroke required and other details. But keep at 
it and gradually you will find the canoe yielding in 
a most delightful way to your increasing skill. One 
by one you will discover all sorts of slick points and 
methods of defeating wind and tide. These make the 
charm of single hand work. There are far more of 
these to be studied out than in double paddling. The 
single hander has all the problems, as well as all the 
pleasure, to himself and full control. 
As you are farther forward than in double paddling, 
the gunwale is farther away from you, so at the end 
of each stroke let the paddle leverage against the side 
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