FOREST AND STREAM 
1151 
derness ventures, is a brand with the word 
“Police” engraved thereon, front and back, and 
indicative, no doubt, of the mental processes and 
yearning of guidedom. 
But the real reason for the guide’s choice is 
comfort. It is easier to cuss a minute and look 
for a sliver or a shingle nail in the pocket when 
a button comes off than it is to set down canoes 
and heavy packs in order to recover the fast¬ 
slipping and most important feature of one’s 
apparel, or to be making tighter belt hitches 
and inviting appendicitis. 
Let us take a lesson, therefore, from the guide’s 
galluses. They mean simply the discarding of 
the non-essentials, the choosing of comfort 
rather than clinging foolishly to the customs of 
the amateur, and the making of a better woods¬ 
man of him who is not above learning. 
EMPTYING THE CAPSIZED CANOE 
By J. F. Marshall. 
“The canoe alone, of all things fashioned to carry 
man, has a soul—and it is a soul at once obedient and 
perverse.”—(Nicholson.) 
O matter how obedient the canoe has become 
to the experienced, its preverse side will 
bob up when least expected or least wanted. 
Perhaps you 'have never upset, but suppose you 
should some day, when you are far from help 
and have an expensive outfit in the canoe or a 
passenger who cannot swim, would you know 
what to do? Preparedness, to borrow a modern 
expression, is also a foreword in the art of 
canoeing. 
Take the first fine day you have to spare, when 
the water is warm and the sea is calm and find 
out what your canoe will do under water as well 
as afloat. Submerge the boat and note that it 
will easily support four people clinging two to 
each side as long as no weight is pressed on the 
craft and it will hold them indefinitely. It is 
perhaps more difficult to crawl into a submerged 
canoe than it is into an empty one, but it is worth 
while for when two people are seated in the 
middle of the filled craft, it will hold them head, 
shoulders and a good part of the body out of 
water when they can easily paddle and balance 
with their hands until they get to a nearby des¬ 
tination of safety. Freak races are even paddled 
in submerged canoes with a crew of one with 
either single or double blades. 
Emptying the capsized canoe in deep water is 
something every canoeist should know. If your 
canoe has the gunwales built entirely on the out¬ 
side of the hull (known as outwales), swim at 
once to the middle of the side,,right the canoe 
so that the gunwales are level with the surface 
of the water and with your hands gripped on 
the gunwale about shoulder width apart, begin 
shaking the canoe to and from you until the 
water is all spilled over the side toward you. The 
course of your hands through the water will 
describe a semi-circle. From your shoulders, 
push forward and downward causing the water 
to spill over the side and then upward, sharply 
to prevent more water from entering, draw your¬ 
self up to the side of the canoe and repeat. The 
opposite side of the canoe will slowly rise above 
the surface until all the water or nearly all is 
tossed out, enabling you to vault over the side 
into the canoe and bail out the little that remains. 
If your canoe is constructed so that the gun¬ 
wales are inside the hull, you cannot start at 
the side as this “lip” prevents the first outrush 
of water that must come when the boat is en¬ 
tirely under water. Swim to one end and with 
almost the identical motion to be used on the 
side but with a longer sweep, shove the end down¬ 
ward and forward causing the first rush of water 
to come over the end nearest you and allowing 
the farther end to come up out of the water. 
This time the canoe will have to leave your grip 
in order to hold the momentum of your shove. 
If you have kept the sides level, which you must 
do, the ends will also come to a level at which 
lime you must follow up quickly and repeat the 
performance three or four times until you have 
lightened the canoe, when you can go around to 
the side and shake as described above. Of 
course the inside “lip” of the gunwale will cause 
a good deal of the water to remain in the canoe 
but this can be bailed out as soon as you have 
climbed aboard. 
The best part of the canoe to board from in 
the water is about half way between the center 
and the end at which place you can reach up and 
put a hand on each gunwale and kicking your 
body to the surface of the water, gradually crawl 
straight across the gunwales, balancing with your 
arms until fully aboard. It is a mistaken idea 
to crawl in over the end of the canoe. The 
weight placed on one end causes the center or 
flat part of the boat to be forced up in the air 
leaving only a sharp “V” bottom under you which 
is most unstable, and the odds are that you will 
go back into the water with the canoe again 
capsized. The middle of the canoe is t6o wide 
to reach across without forcing one side under 
water when crawling aboard so that the “happy 
medium” is reached about four feet from the 
end. Two people can climb aboard the canoe 
from the water when balancing each other from 
opposite sides. 
Canoes can be emptied in rough water just 
as they can in smooth. In fact some of the 
fastest time in canoe emptying contests has been 
made in rough water. From a sitting position in 
the canoe, experts have submerged the boat, 
turned it completely over under water, shaken 
the entire water out and climbed back into the 
original sitting position in 15 seconds. 
“Flipping” the canoe is another “stunt” of the 
adept. The performer stands in .the canoe, say 
with his right foot on the keelson, the left foot 
on the gunwale and the right hand gripping the 
opposite gunwale. Then by throwing his body 
over the side, releasing the weight off the keelson, 
pushing down with the left foot and pulling up 
with the right hand, the canoe is tossed into the 
air turning a complete circle and coming down, 
rests on its bottom once more on the surface 
without picking up any of the water. Mr. E. K. 
Merrill, of the Red Dragon Canoe, Club, Phila¬ 
delphia, can toss the canoe so that it makes two 
complete turns in the air before resting again 
on the surface of the water. 
A good deal of capsizing would be prevented 
if canoeists learned to “roll” the canoe, or rather 
let the canoe “roll” itself. A canoe, if left to 
balance itself, will naturally keep its gunwales 
parallel to the plane of water it is riding on, no 
matter how sharp or high the wave. It will re¬ 
main perfectly safe and will ship but little, if 
any, water. A good many canoeists think they 
have to balance this natural tilting of the sides 
of the canoe by leaning their weight to one side, 
which mistake causes many an upset. Canoes 
are built exactly like the great ocean liners and 
there is nothing to balance their natural roll, and 
who ever heard of one of the “grey hounds” cap¬ 
sizing when properly loaded. 
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