PLANTING AND CARE OF SHRUBS AND TREES 
HOW TO PLANT B&B TREES: Dig a hole a few inches wider than the ball 
itself. For heavy or poorly drained land, set the ball with its shoulders level or 
from one to two inches above the level of the land. For light, sandy soil, the ball 
should be about two inches below the level of the land. If the dirt in the bottom 
of the hole is dry, fill the hole with water once or twice and let it soak into the 
ground. Then set the ball in the hole. 
Do not use the loose dirt that is taken from the hole as back-fill. Instead, start 
spading the outer walls of the hole in toward the ball, about one foot deep. Keep 
spading around until the ground is broken two. or three feet from the ball. Then 
press firmly toward the ball, using the feet or a heavy “tamp”. 
Next, hill the dirt up around the stem of the plant four to eight inches high and 
as far out as the ball reaches. Beginning at the outer edge of the spaded area, 
using the dirt taken from the hole, make a rigid form four to six inches high and 
from eight to twelve inches wide to form a basin, to_ hold water, so it will soak down 
under the ball. Leave the basin for months after planting. 
TO WATER, push the end of the hose down beside the ball and let water run 
until the basin is full. This will fill the air spaces. Mulch with about a bushel or 
more of rough stable manure, leaves or lawn clippings. 
HOW TO PLANT NB TREES: All NB (Bare Root) Trees lose a part of their 
roots in transplanting. To offset the root loss, the branches should be pruned back 
half way or more as soon as planted. To plant NB Trees, Roses, etc. a change of 
color can be seen on the trunks where the surface level should be. Fill in fine soil 
among the roots, placing the roots carefully in the position they should grow. Then 
follow the same instructions as for planting B&B Trees. 
CULTIVATION: All types of Plant Materials require systematic cultivation. 
After Trees and Shrubs have been planted and the beds are put in good condition 
by working and fertilizing, we recommend that the surface of the beds be stirred to 
a depth of two or three inches and a mulch kept. Maintain the hill around the stem 
and the circle or basin to hold water for the newly planted Trees and Shrubs. 
FERTILIZING: Do NOT use any fertilizer in the hole when planting unless it 
is a small amount of bone meal. In most soils, renewed strength in the way of dairy 
manure for plant food should be applied at least once a year, usually during the 
winter. The application of well-rotted and pulverized dairy manure will make the 
beds more pliable and allow for cultivation of same more rapidly and readily after 
much rainfall. Commercial fertilizers are satisfactory to use in small quantities. 
In the Spring and early Summer, use fertilizer with a heavy nitrogen content. In 
late Summer and Fall, use fertilizer with heavy potash content. Potash causes the 
bude and branches to harden, and trees will bloom or fruit better. They will also 
stand more cold without injury. 
SPRAYING: For all chewing or foliage-eating insects, a stomach poison must 
be applied to the foliage. Use Arsenate of Lead. 
For such insects as Red Spider, or any of the smaller ones which draw the sap 
from the foliage, sulphur should be applied. 
For plant lice and aphids, nicotine sulphate should be applied. 
For mildew or fungus diseases, such as Black spot, leaf blights, etc., use Bordeau 
Mixture. For scale insects and White Fly, spray with lime sulphur if trees are dor¬ 
mant. For summer spray or for Evergreens, use an oil emulsion. 
PRUNING: Evergreens, Fruit Trees and some Flowering Shrubs should be 
pruned during the dormant period. If you wish ‘to retain the natural appearance 
of Trees and Shrubs, so they will not outgrow their positions, they should be re¬ 
shaped by cutting off the long “shoots” inside the natural edge of the specimen, 
and not cut uniform to make formal plants of them. Such pruning as this can 
be done at any time of the year. 
Some Flowering Shrubs, which bloom only early in the Spring should be pruned 
after the blooming period to have blooms the following spring, as these types pro¬ 
duce their blooms on the past season’s growth. 
