Campbell Early 
CULTURAL 
Grapes may be grown on any fairly good medium 
sandy or gravelly soil which is properly drained. 
The soil should be worked thoroughly before plant¬ 
ing, and the holes dug several inches larger than 
necessary to receive the roots. The plants should be 
set slightly deeper than they were in the nursery 
row; the roots spread carefully, earth filled in and 
tamped down firmly. Grapes are usually planted 10 
by 10 ft.; 8 by 12 ft.; or 8 by 10 ft.; according to soil 
and method of cultivation. 
After the young plant is set the tips are cut back 
to 2 or 3 good buds. The new shoots are left growing 
the first year. Posts and wire are set at this time to 
support the vine. Early in the spring of the second 
year, before growth starts, the best shoot is selected 
BLACK 
CAMPBELL EARLY 
An excellent blue grape which ripens considerably 
earlier than Concord. The vines are hardy, vigorous 
and moderately productive. Bunches usually large, 
rather compact, and handsome in appearance. Berries 
large with a rather thick skin, very firm, juicy and 
sweet. Do not shell easily from the stems. One of the 
best varieties for storage purposes. When well grown, 
a profitable commercial variety. 
CONCORD 
The leading blue grape. Vines hardy, vigorous and 
very productive. Bunches large, medium compact, 
usually shouldered, quality good. More extensively 
planted than any other variety in the central and 
eastern United States. Good for shipping and for all 
home uses. The season of grape harvesting will vary 
within different areas. Naturally, grapes will ripen 
sooner in southern areas than farther north. Gener¬ 
ally Concord will ripen about the middle of Septem¬ 
ber in Southern Michigan. 
GRAPES 
The grape is an ancient fruit known as 
far back as civilization extends. For bever¬ 
ages, jams, jellies, and as fresh fruit grapes 
are unexcelled. Its production has been in¬ 
creasing for some years due to growing 
demand. The vines are easy to grow, sus¬ 
ceptible to few diseases and productive on 
almost any soil. They may be trained to 
hide a back fence or an unpleasant view, 
but the best way to grow them is on a wire 
trellis. Their fruitfulness is mainly depend¬ 
ent upon proper care and when rightfully 
tended they return good profits to the 
owner. Excellent market attraction together 
with their simple cultural requirements ap¬ 
peal to the commercial fruit grower and 
amateur gardener alike. 
DIRECTIONS 
and tied to the lower trellis wire, the remaining shoots 
are cut away. This then becomes the trunk of the 
vine. In the early spring of the third year four of the 
best canes growing out from this trunk are selected 
and tied to wires, one each way from the trunk on 
each wire, all others are removed. Every year there¬ 
after the fruiting wood is removed from the wires and 
replaced by canes that have not fruited. These canes 
should be selected from as near the trunk as possi¬ 
ble, all other wood is then pruned out. This is known 
as the Kniffen system of pruning, which is the most 
widely used in the middle west. 
The following list consists of important varieties 
which have been thoroughly tested and approved. 
GRAPES 
FREDONIA 
A new black grape, fully tested, introduced some 
years ago by the New York Experiment Station; it 
will undoubtedly replace Moore Early because it is a 
heavy bearer, clusters are medium size and berries 
are large, round and persistent. Skin thick and tough, 
flesh juicy and tender, making it an excellent shipper 
and a preferred market grape. Unquestionably the 
best early black variety. Ripens two weeks before 
Worden. 
MOORE EARLY 
Fruit almost identical with that of Concord, its parent, but is 
fully two weeks earlier in ripening. Vines are very vigorous and 
hardy. Clusters are of medium size; berries large, round, purplish- 
black and of good quality. 
WORDEN 
A high quality blue grape of the Concord type. The fruit 
resembles the Concord, but the clusters are often larger and 
more handsome and the berries sweeter and better in quality; 
the vines are hardy and productive. Ripens a few days earlier 
than Concord. An excellent variety for home or local markets 
where a high quality blue grape is desired. 
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