Avoid Losses by Control of Insects and Disease 
EATING INSECTS — Eating Insects are 
controlled by a stomach poison. Arsenate of 
lead, powdered form, 1% lbs. to 50 gallons 
of water. In small quantities, 1 tablespoon 
to 1 gallon of water. 
SUCKING INSECTS —Sucking Insects are 
controlled by a contact body poison (nico¬ 
tine sulphate or miscible oils). For soft 
bodied sucking insects, nicotine sulphate is 
used, % pint to 50 gallons of water and 2 
lbs. of soap. For small quantities use 1 
teaspoonful to 1 gallon of soapy water. 
Hard shell scale types of sucking insects 
are controlled by spraying with a strong 
mixture of lime sulphur or miscible oil 
when trees are dormant. 
FUNGOUS DISEASES, such as apple scab, 
blotch, bitter-rot, cherry leaf spot and peach 
and plum brown-rot are controlled by either 
lime sulphur or Bordeaux mixture. Use 
summer strength so as not to injure fruit or 
foliage. 
SPRAY MATERIALS 
TIME SULPHUR, a commercial prepara¬ 
tion, can be secured in either liquid or dry 
form. Following directions for liquid: Dor¬ 
mant strength, 1 pint to one gallon of water, 
1-8. For trees in foliage or summer strength, 
1 gallon to 33 gallons of water, 1-33. 
SEUF-BOIUED TIME SUUPHUR is pre¬ 
pared by putting 8 lbs. of fresh stone lime 
in a barrel and nearly covering it with 
water. When the lime begins to slack, add 
8 lbs. of powdered Sulphur which has been 
previously sifted to remove all lumps. Stir 
this mixture constantly, adding more water 
as needed until a thin paste is secured. 
Then add immediately enough water to 
make 50 gallons. Strain the mixture 
thoroughly. 
BORDEAUX MIXTURE is used in differ¬ 
ent strengths. 4-4-50 is considered standard 
strength and indicates 4 lbs. copper sul¬ 
phate, 4 lbs. unslacked lime to 50 gallons 
of water. Prepare mixture by dissolving 4 
lbs. of copper sulphate in one vessel, slack¬ 
ing 4 lbs. of lime in another, pour together, 
stir well and add enough water to 'make 5 0 
gallons. For use in small quantities, com¬ 
mercial preparations can be purchased. 
HEAVY ENGINE OILS are being used of 
late years in dormant spraying for control 
of scale. Write to U. S. Dept, of Agriculture 
or State Experiment Station for directions. 
SPRAY EQUIPMENT — The size of the 
spray outfit depends on the work to be ac¬ 
complished. In general for shrubs and small 
garden work a 3 gallon compressed-air tank 
will be sufficient. For large gardens and 
home orchards, a barrel sprayer. For com¬ 
mercial orchards, a power outfit. We will 
be glad to put you in touch with reliable 
manufacturers of spray outfits. 
CONTROL OF BORERS 
These pests of apple and peach trees must 
be killed by a wire thrust into their tunnels, 
disclosed by removing a few inches of dirt 
around the base of the tree. Go over your 
trees in April or May and in late August or 
September. After cutting out the borers, 
mound up the dirt around the trunk about 
6 inches high. 
The FLAT-HEAI) APPLE TREE BORER 
is usually found from the ground up to the 
limbs and more often on weak or diseased 
The PEACH BORER can be destroyed in 
trees 5 years old up by spreading about an 
oz. of Paradichlorbenzine in a narrow ring 
around the tree, not closer than two inches 
irom the trunk, and covering this chemical 
with several inches of dirt well packed 
down. Apply in the fall when ground is dry. 
FIRE BLIGHT 
This disease sometimes attacks certain 
varieties of apple and pear. The small 
shoots turn brown and die and the bark 
finally becomes blackened. The only method 
of control is to cut out the affected parts, 
mating the cut six inches below any sign 
of the disease and burning the blighted 
parts. The tools and the wounds are disin¬ 
fected with bichloride of mercury, corrosive 
sublimate, a deadly poison, one tablet to a 
pint of water applied with a sponge or rag. 
Spray Calendar 
APPLE, PEAR, QUINCE 
(1) —Dormant or Seale Spray. Any time 
after leaves drop in the fall, during 
pleasant weather in winter and until 
growth starts in spring. 
For —San Jose Scale, Other Scale Insects, 
Plant Lice (Aphids). 
Use—Commercial liquid lime-sulphur 1 to 
7 or miscible oils. This spray may be 
omitted if scale is not present. Arsenate 
of lead is not required. 
(2)— First Summer or Cluster Bud Spray. 
When cluster buds are separated and 
the pink petals show, but before the 
blossoms open. 
For —Plant Lice (Aphids), Apple Scab, 
Curculio, Canker Worms, Apple Rust, 
Leaf Spot, other biting insects. 
Use-r-Lime-sulphur (1% to 50), see note, 
plus 1 lb. of dry arsenate of lead. Nico¬ 
tine sulphate (% Pt. to 50 gal. of 
spray' mixture when plant lice are 
abundant). 
(3)— Second Summer or Calyx-Cup Spray. 
Start when bloom is two-thirds off and 
finish before the blossom ends close. 
Most important summer spray, apply 
thoroughly. 
For —Codling Moth, Plant Lice (Aphids), 
Apple Scab, Leaf Spot, Curculio, Canker 
Worms, Lesser Apple Worm, other bit¬ 
ing insects. 
Use—Lime-sulphur (1% to 50), see note, 
plus 1 lb. of dry arsenate of lead. 
Nicotine sulphate ( y 2 pt. to 50 gal. of 
spray mixture when plant lice are 
abundant). 
(4)— Third Summer Spray. Within 12 to 15 
days after Calyx spray. If Curculio 
injury is severe apply within 6 or 7 
days. 
For —Apple Blotch, Sooty Blotch, Leaf Spot, 
Curculio, Codling Moth, Lesser Apple 
Worm, other biting insects. 
Use —Lime-sulphur (1% to 50), see note, 
plus 1 lb. of dry arsenate of lead. If 
apple blotch is severe use Bordeaux 
3-4-50. 
(5)— -Fourth Summer Spray. Apply 5 or 6 
weeks after the Calyx spray, or if No. 
4 is made within 6 to 10 days, apply 
No. 5, 2 to 3 weeks later. 
For —Apple Blotch, Sooty Blotch, Curculio, 
Codling Moth, Lesser Apple Worm, 
other biting insects. 
Use —Lime-sulphur (iy 2 to 50), see note, or 
Bordeaux 3-4-50, plus 1 lb. of dry 
arsenate of lead. If apple blotch is 
severe, use Bordeaux 3-4-50. 
Fifth Summer Spray. Apply about 2 or 3 
weeks after No. 5 or 7 to 9 weeks 
after Calyx spray. Make later sprays 
at intervals of 10 days or 2 weeks, 
where apple blotch or bitter rot is 
serious. 
For—Codling Moth, Lesser Apple Worm, 
Apple Blotch, Bitter Rot, Sooty Blotch, 
Curculio, other biting insect. 
Use—Lime-sulphur (1 y 2 to 50), see note, or 
Bordeaux 3-4-50, plus 1 lb. of dry 
arsenate of lead. If apple blotch or 
bitter rot is serious use Bordeaux 
3-4-50. 
GRAPES 
(1)—In the spring before buds begin to 
swell. 
For —Scale, Anthracnose. 
Use —Lime-sulphur solution, winter strength 
for both Scale and Anthracnose, or 
Bordeaux, double or triple strength for 
Anthracnose. 
(2)—As buds are swelling. Repeat in 5 to 
7 days. 
For—Flea Beetle only. 
Use—Lead Arsenate (dry) 3 lbs. to 5 0 gal¬ 
lons. 
(3)—When shoots are showing second or 
third leaf. 
For —Black Rot, Anthracnose, Flea Beetle. 
Use —Standard Bordeaux for rot. Lead 
Arsenate (dry) 3 lbs. to 50 gallons for 
insects, if needed. 
(4)—Before blossoms open. 
For —Black Rot, Anthracnose, Curculip, 
Flea Beetle, Berry Moth. 
Use —Standard Bordeaux for rot. Add 2 
lbs. of soap to each 50 gallons. Use 
Lead Arsenate (dry) 2 lbs. to 50 gal¬ 
lons for insects. 
(5)—After blooming. 
For —Black Rot, Anthracnose, Curculio, 
Berry Moth. 
Use—Same as for preceding application. 
(0)—10 to 14 days after blooming. 
For —Black Rot, Anthracnose, Insects. 
Use—Same as for preceding application. 
(7)—3 to 4 weeks after blooming. 
For —Black Rot, Anthracnose, Insects. 
Use —Same as for preceding application. 
(8)—About G weeks after blooming. One 
later application may be necessary. 
For —Black Rot, Insects. 
Use—Same as for preceding application. 
The spray program for grapes centers 
around the treatment for black rot. The 
usual recommendations include three spray¬ 
ings before blooming, after blooming and 
two weeks after blooming. In vineyards 
where the disease is of moderate conse¬ 
quence, three sprayings may be sufficient, 
but where it is severe, five to seven may be 
required. 
Sprays Required—The apple sprays ordi¬ 
narily needed are 2, 3, 4 and 5 in the 
northern half of Missouri, while in the 
southern half 5 or more sprays are gen¬ 
erally required. Every fruit grower should 
study carefully the conditions in his own 
orchard, including the insect pests and 
plant diseases, in order to be able to work 
out a spraying program best adapted to his 
own particular needs. 
CHERRY, PEACH, PLUM 
(1)—Any time after leaves drop in fall, dur¬ 
ing nice weather in winter and until 
just before growth starts in spring. 
For —Peach Leaf Curl, Brown Rot, San Jose 
Scale. 
Use —Commercial lime-sulphur (1 to 7). If 
scale is not present use Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture (4-4-50) or lime-sulphur solution 
(2 to 50). 
(2)—Apply after blossoming and when most 
of the shucks and blossoms are off 
the fruit. 
For —Curculio, other biting insect, Peach 
Scab, Cherry Leaf Spot, Brown Roi, 
Plant Lice (Aphids). 
Use—Arsenate of lead, dry, % lb. in self- 
boiled lime-sulphur (8-8-50), or in 50 
gal. of water to which is added milk 
of lime, from 2 to 3 lbs. of stone 
lime. Add nicotine sulphate y 2 pt. to 
50 gal. spray if plant lice are injurious. 
(3)—Apply 6 to 10 days after shucks and 
blossoms are off. If curculio is not 
serious, 2 weeks after shucks and 
blossoms are off. 
For—Curculio, other biting insect. Brown 
Rot, Peach Scab, Cherry Leaf Spot, 
Plant Lice (Aphids). 
Use—Self-boiled lime-sulphur (8-8-50) plus 
% lb. of dry arsenate of lead. 
(4)—Apply 2 to 3 weeks after No. 3 or at 
least 3 weeks before fruit ripens. 
For—’Curculio, other biting insect. Brown 
Rot, Peach Scab, Cherry Leaf Spot. 
Use—Self-boiled lime-sulphur (S-8-50) plus 
% lb. dry arsenate of lead. 
Stone Fruits—Where San Jose Scale and 
Peach Leaf Curl are not present, sprays No. 
2 and No. 3 will generally afford sufficient 
protection. 
During wet season, Elberta and later 
varieties of peaches may need later appli¬ 
cations of self-boiled lime-sulphur (8-8-50), 
but in no instance should any variety of 
stone fruit be sprayed with this mixture 
later than 3 weeks before picking time. 
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