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47 
When the various colors and their hues are arranged in a circle, 
as shown on the preceding page, the pairs of complementary colors 
are those opposite each other, and if the colors used are to be com- 
plementaries, they must in every case be those that are directly op- 
posite each other in the circle of complementary contrast. There 
are, however, some very pleasing color effects produced by selecting 
colors that are found nearer together than this. In Analogous Har- 
mony, for instance, the colors are closely related in hue and are con- 
sequently very near together in the color circle, but just as soon as the 
limit of Analogous Harmony is passed, scarcely any of the possible 
combinations are satisfactory until the hues of the complementary 
colors are reached, when the beauty and intensity of the opposed 
colors are increased by contrast. When pale and dark colors that 
are not complementary to each other are used together, both colors 
are usually affected in two ways ; in the first place the pale colors ap- 
pear paler, and the dark colors appear darker by the contrast ; and 
secondly, both of the colors are influenced in hue by simultaneous 
contrast, as shown in the table of modifications given on page 41. 
In teaching the harmony of colors it is advisable to emphasize in 
every possible way the influence of simultaneous contrast, as it enters 
so largely into every combination of colors, and it is an easy matter to 
injure two colors that are both beautiful in themselves, by putting 
them together in color arrangements where they mutually borrow 
from each other to the injury of both. The influence of association 
of such colors is just the same as looking at a color through a very 
faintly colored glass that is of the complementary of the associated 
color. Thus, if blue-green and red are used together, the comple- 
mentary of blue-green is red, and if we look at red through red glass, 
the red appears more intense in color and is thus improved; and the 
complementary of red is blue-green, and this color seen through blue- 
green glass is also intensified in tone, so that both are improved by 
the association. This is what is understood by simultaneous contrast, 
the effect of which is to improve all complementary contrasting 
colors. 
Contrasting Colors. 
The following list of contrasting colors gives the complementaries 
of the six spectral colors and of two of the hues of each color. 
Red. 
1. Violet Red and Green, 
2. Red and Blue Green. 
3. Orange Red and Blue Green. 
Orange. 
4. Red Orange and Blue Green, 
5. Orange and Blue Green, 
6. Yellow Orange and Green Blue. 
Yellow. 
7. Orange Yellow and Green Blue, 
8. Yellow and Violet Blue, 
9. Green Yellow and Violet. 
Green. 
10 Yellow Green and Red Violet, 
1 1 . Green and Violet Red, 
12. Blue Green and Red. 
Blue. 
13. Green Blue and Yellow Orange, 
14. Blue and Yellow, 
15. Violet Blue and Green Yellow. 
Violet. 
16. Blue Violet and Green Yellow, 
17. Violet and Green Yellow, 
. 18. Red Violet and Yellow Green, 
In the colors, Red, Orange Red, Red Orange and Orange, all of 
which are shown as having Blue Green for complementaries, the hue 
of the Blue Green will vary towards Green Blue as the hues approach 
the Orange. In the same way the different Green Yellows will vary 
towards Green as their complementaries become warmer in hue. 
