a^^H^^^HaH^BmMHH^BraH^B^HHH^HBBB^^M^HMnH^HSM^^BMMa 
Colors in 
nature. 
Since the different kinds of light are transmitted with equal 
velocity, violet light makes more vibrations in the same length of 
time than red light. 
Colors of Tne colors of objects are due to the power they 
objects. possess of absorbing certain portions of the colored 
rays that make up a beam of white light and reflecting others ; thus, 
an object is red because it reflects the red rays only and absorbs the 
others ; a yellow object reflects only the yellow rays ; the same with 
the other colors. The rays that are absorbed are changed into heat. 
White and A white substance reflects all the rays that constitute 
black. white light, while a black object absorbs them all. It 
is not known what causes a substance to reflect a certain color and to 
absorb others. 
" Very kw objects have a color which exactly cor- 
responds to any color of the spectrum. This is found 
to result from the fact that most bodies, while they reflect some one 
color chiefly, reflect the others in some degree. A red flower reflects 
the red light abundantly, and perhaps some rays of all the other colors 
with red. Hence there may be as many different reds as there can be 
different proportions of the other colors mingled with it. The same 
is true of each color of the spectrum." 
Classifying There are two general ways of classifying colors, 
colors. one is from the artists' standpoint, in which the various 
colors are considered as pigments, and the other is from the scientific 
side, in which they are treated as elements of white light. 
Primary, sec- Artistically considered, there are three primary 
ondary and colors, Red, Blue and Yellow, and all other colors 
tertiary colors. ■■ , , ., , . r . , „ 
are produced by the admixture of these three. There 
are also three secondary colors, Orange, Green and Violet or Purple, 
which are produced by the mixture of two of the primaries. Thus 
Red and Blue produce Violet, Red and Yellow make Orange, and 
Blue and Yellow give Green. 
The mixture of the secondary colors give three other colors called 
tertiaries. These are Citrine, Olive and Russet. 
Citrine is made by mixing Orange and Green, Olive by mixing 
Purple and Green, and Russet by mixing Orange and Purple. 
Normal stand- Treated scientifically, the six colors of the spectrum 
ards - are taken as normal or primary colors, and all variations 
in tints, shades and hues are considered as modifications or variations 
of these six normal colors. In these lessons the six spectrum colors, 
as shown below, are taken as normal standards. 
RED. 
ORANGE. 
YELLOW. 
GREEN. 
blue; 
VIOLET. 
" • ■ ■ ' "-.. ■ 
