69 
heart of small trees, and force a plug of dry wood into the opening he 
has made, and the injury will soon be healed. I also watch for signs of 
the grub, cutting after him with a sharp knife, and filling up the injuries 
with strong soft soap. If the grub has entered deep I follow him with a 
wire lance. 
“When the trees of an orchard do not prove to be of a good variety, 
bud or graft in scions of an known and approved fruit, unless the tree is 
too large; in which case, dig it up. 
“ When the tree is not over three inches in diameter, I pursue the 
following course: I insert the bud, and after it is known to be alive I cut 
downward each way from a point a little above the bud, and take out a 
strip of bark, leaving directly opposite the bud a piece of bark one quarter 
of the circumference of the trunk. I do this to throw sap into the bud. 
The next spring I cut the tree off in the scores made by removing the 
bark. The first year I allow the shoots that may spring from the roots 
to grow. I have had a two years’ growth from a bud put in and treated 
in this manner, bear and retain until fully ripe, two hundred and fifteen 
apples. I have also inserted grafts into stumps cut off below the surface 
of the ground, covering the stumps and part of the grafts with moist 
earth, and the growth of one year has been seven feet. Trees that have 
been transplanted eight years, and cultivated as above described, have 
yielded an average of eighteen bushels of apples each. 
“Yours with much respect, 
_ it 
To Albert C. Ingham, Esq., 
Sec. of the Wis. State Agr. Society. 
PEARS. 
Best six varities of pears; John Bell, Gardners Prairie. Silver Medal. 
Charles of Austria. 
Bleecker Meadow. 
Urbaniste. 
Buffum. 
Ambrosia. 
Prince St. Germain. 
VARIETIES EXHIBITED. 
Beurre de la Motte. 
Artillac. 
Summer Thorn. 
Catillac. 
Princesse Virgalieu. 
White Doyenne. 
Grey Monsieur Jean. 
Autumn Bergamot. 
Early Rousselet. 
Royal Blush. 
Colmar. 
Steven’s or Gurnsey. 
