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old, and from six to twenty-four inches from the ground; since most of 
the diseases manifest themselves at or near the surface of the ground, 
and the grafting on native stocks will render them more hardy and better 
suited to our climate. 
“ All fruits that ripen by the first of October, I consider well adapted 
to the climate of Wisconsin, provided their wood also ripens by that time. 
“ Below is a list of varieties that have succeeded well here : 
APPLES. 
Summer Apples —Sweet Bough, Early Harvest, Summer Rose, Sum¬ 
mer Queen. 
Fall Apples —Fall Pippin, Gravenstein, Jersey Sweet, Maiden’s Blush, 
Porter, Rambo, Spice Sweet. 
Winter Apples —R. I. Greening, Esopus Spitzenburgh, Golden Russet, 
Seek-no-further, Twenty Ounce Pippin, Vandevere, Canada Reinette, 
Northern Spy, Hubbardston Nonsuch, Baldwin, Yellow Bell-flower, 
Peck’s Pleasant. 
PEARS. 
Summer Pears —Bartlett, Bloodgood, Dearborn’s Seedling, Tyson. 
Autumn Pears — Flemish Beauty, Seckel, Oswego Beurre, Louise 
Bonne de Jersey, White Doyenne, Beurre Diel, Buffum. 
Winter Pears —Easter Beurre, Winter Nelis, Passe Colmar, Beurre 
d’Aremberg, Columbia St. Germain. 
“ Quinces thrive well, only in marl-soil or in a hard sub-soil. Nearly 
all plums do well except the late varieties. 
“ Some early varieties of peaches, such as Early Nutmeg, Early 
Sweetwater, Early Kensington, Crawford’s Early, Early Red Rareripe, 
Early York, Early Strawberry, succeed well on wild plum stocks. They 
require a thin poor soil and the top of a knoll, or the north east side of 
a hill is the best location for them. When the ground is frozen in the 
fall the surface around the trees should be covered with chaff, saw-dust, 
or coarse litter, to the depth of three feet, until late in the spring, as the 
January thaws ordinarily start the buds which are killed by the succeed¬ 
ing cold weather. To raise peaches this protection is necessary. 
