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horn, Jersey or Alderney, and the Kerry. The limits of this article will' 
only admit of brief notices of each breed. The former will pass first in 
review: 
The Improved Short-Horn may be deemed an artificial variety. Its origin 
is not, perhaps, fully understood, but according to authorities it was de¬ 
rived from more or less intermixture of the blood of the old Short-horn, 
originally introduced into England from the continent, with other breeds. 
Space, however, will not permit a particular inquiry into this subject 
here. The stock is well established, and has a definite character. Its 
leading trait is a tendency to fatten at an early age. In this respect, if 
kept in a mild climate and provided with abundance of good food, it has 
probably the advantage over any other breed. In bulk of frame they 
are less than the old breed of Short-horns, but in weight of carcass 
they take the first rank. The best breeders have endeavored to produce 
great weight in proportion to the bone and offal, and their efforts have 
been attended with great success. The popularity of the breed in Eng¬ 
land is such that the best animals sometimes command enormous prices. 
At the sale of the late Lord Ducie’s herd. (1853,) Messrs. L. G. Morris 
and N. J. Becar, of New York, purchased the bull Duke of Gloucester , at 
650 guineas, and the cow Duchess 66th, at 700 guineas ; Gen. Cadwal- 
lader, of Philadelphia, and George Vail, Esq., of Troy, the bull Fourth 
Duke of York , at 500 guineas; and Mr. Thorne, of New York, the cow 
Duchess 59th, at 600 guineas. 
The accompanying figure, taken from the English Herd Book, is said 
to be a good portrait of the Short-horn bull Duke of Gloucester, above- 
mentioned. He was bred by the late Earl Ducie ; was calved Sept. 14, 
1850 ; got by Grand Duke ; dam Duchess 59th. His color is red.* He 
will be brought to this country in August (1854), when he will become 
* Duke of Glo’stf.r (11382), red calved Sept. I4ih, 1850 ; bred by and the property 
of Earl Ducie, Tortworth Court; got by Grand Duke (10284), dam Duchess 59th by 
second Duke of Oxford (9046), g. d. Duchess 56th by second Duke of Northumberland 
(3646), gr. g. d. Duchess 51st by Cleveland Lad (3407)—Duchess 41st by Belvidere 
(1706)—Duchess 32nd by second Hubback (1423)—Duchess 19th by second Hubback 
(1423)—Duchess 12th by the Earl (646)—Duchess 4th by Ketton 2nd (710)—Duchess 
1st by Comet [155]—by Favorite [252]—by Daisy Bull [186]—by Favorite [252] — 
by Hubback [319]—by J. Brown’s red Bull [97].— English Herd Book of Short-horned 
Cattle, vol. x., p. 58. 
