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to allow room for the larynx, or top of the windpipe with large glands, 
the parotid placed between them and the neck, without compression, 
when the head is curbed, and also to give that requisite of all requisites 
in the horse, a good mouth ; for with a contrary formation of those parts 
when the pull is made upon the mouth, through the bridle, the angles of 
the jaw will compress between them and the neck, the larynx and parotid 
glands, and instead of the head curving, it will become a fixed point with 
the neck, causing great pain to the animal and the most disagreeable of 
all feelings to his rider. The head should be connected with the neck by 
a lar^e but clean and well defined throat. The neck itself should be Ions’ 
and light, but strong, gaining its strength more from the large size of 
the bones and its depth, than from its thickness, its length should be 
gained by passing well back between the shoulders, what is termed grow¬ 
ing out of the back, or in other words passing imperceptibly into it, and 
from thenceforward the neck should form a straight line to the occiput 
or prominent bone between the ears. The shoulders should be large, 
long, deep and strong, they should rise well back on the withers, and 
pass obliquely down to the points, which should be placed well forward 
in front of the sternum or chest bone, so that if a line were stretched 
across from point to point in front of the chest, there would be a clear 
space between it, and the above named bone. The scapula, or blade bones, 
should rise well up, so as to cover the withers, and the shoulders at this 
part should measure as much through, as before they measure from point 
to point. The arms should be long, the elbows large, and standing per¬ 
fectly straight with the chest, neither turning in or out. The knees large, 
prominent, straight and clean, and as near the ground as possible. The 
metacarpal, or shank bone, short; the tendons large, flat and well de¬ 
fined ; the fetlock joints large ; the pasterns moderately oblique, and of 
sufficient length to render a due amount of elasticity to prevent concus¬ 
sion, but not of so great a length as to make them weak, the two joints 
standing square with the rest of the limb, neither inclining inward or 
outward. The foot should be of moderate size, the crust or wall si ightly 
oblique and of equal circumference from the coronary to the ground sur¬ 
face—the frog well developed, but not large—the sole slightly concave, 
so that it is just clear when the foot is upon the ground—the hoof should 
be tough and without fissures, cracks or rings. The foot and fore-limb 
should be placed well forward, so that a line dropped downward from the 
