455 
The “Randall grass” recently introduced into Virginia, and thence 
into some of the Western states, is supposed to be an improved variety 
of this species. It is spoken of as very valuable, especially for fall and 
winter pasture, being but little affected by early frosts, and remaining 
quite green during the winter, under'the snow; hence sometimes called 
“Evergreen grass.” 
82. Festfca Nutans. Willdenow. 
Panicle diffuse, at length nodding; branches long, slender, mostly in 
pairs, rough, naked below; spikelets ovate, three to five-flowered, near 
the extremity of the branches, on pretty long pedicels; flowers ovate- 
oblong, rather obtuse, smooth, awmless, very obscurely five-nerved; culms 
naked above; leaves broad-linear, taper-pointed dark-green, often hairy. 
Perennial; flowers in July. Culms 2 to 4 feet high. Woods. Wiscon¬ 
sin, Illinois, Ohio and Minnesota. 
\ . 
Plate I. Figure 8.— a, spikelet; b, glumes; c, lower palea; c?, upper 
palea; e , section of the upper palea;/, the flower, much magnified. 
GENUS 80. BROMUS. Zinnccus . 
* i 
[Greek— Bromos food.] 
Spikelets five to many-flowered, panicled; glumes unequal, membranaceous, 
the lower one to five-nerved; the upper three to nine-nerved; lower palea convex 
on the back or slightly keeled, about seven-nerved at the base, awned or bristle- 
pointed from below the mostly two-cleft tip; upper palea at length adhering to 
the groove of the oblong or linear grain; stamens three. 
83. Bromus Ciliatus. Zinnccus. 
Syn.— B. Canadensis, Michx. B. pubescens, Muhl. B. purgans, Linn. 
Panicle compound, very loose, the elongated branches at length divergent 
drooping; spikelets seven to twelve-flowered; lower glume one-nerved, the up¬ 
per three-nerved; flowers oblong-lanceolate, tipped with an awn half to three- 
fourths their length; upper palea bristly-ciliate; the lower silky with appressed 
hairs near the margins, smoothish on the back; leaves large smooth or some¬ 
what hairy; sheaths often hairy near the top. Varies much as to pubescens, &c. 
Perennial; flowers in July and August. Culms 3 to 4 feet high. Wisconsin, 
Illinois, Ohio, Michigan and about Lake Superior. 
Plate I, Fia. 9.—a, spikelets; b , glumes; c. lower palea; d, the stamens. 
