230 WISCONSIN STATE AGRIGULTUBAL SOCIETY, 
The averag’e price of wheat in England during 1875 was forty-five 
shillings and two pence sterling per quarter of eight bushels;: or, 
computing the sterling shilling at twenty-four cents and the ster¬ 
ling penny at two cents, say $1.35^ per bushel. In 1876, under the 
influence of war talk and war fears, the average price has been 
forty-eight shillings and one penny per quarter, or about $1.44|- per 
bushel. Each advance of ten cents per bushel on England's wheat 
consumption adds about twenty-one millions of dollars per annum 
to the cost of her food. 
The acreage of the wheat crop in the United Kingdom is stated 
by the British Board of Trade at about three and a half millions of 
acres, the average yield of which is about twenty-eight bushels per 
acre; but Great Britain has nearly six millions of cattle, of which 
about two and a quarter millions are cows; and it has over twenty- 
eight millions of sheep, which, however, are nearly one million less 
in 1876 than in 1875. With a present population of about thirty- 
three and a half millions of people. Great Britain has demonstrated 
the value of manufactures and diversified industry to the land own¬ 
ers, who derive enormous revenues from their land rents, which are 
as high as the cost of average improved lands in America. 
If Russia goes to war, it is not likely that prices of bread-stuffs 
will reach the Crimean war prices again, unless there shall be a 
general fight “open to all comers,” as North American agriculture, 
both in the United States and Canada, as well as that of the East 
Indies, Australia, Chili and other countries, is now on a larger and 
more diversified scale; and as greater attention is paid on both con¬ 
tinents to dairy products, sheep culture and stock raising; but so 
long as any solicitude is entertained about, or possibility exists for 
a war, in which any of the Great Powers of Europe may be involved, 
there will be light exportations of food from other countries to Eng¬ 
land, and consequently the benefits of good markets must accrue to 
the farmers of the United States and Canada. 
Correspondents of London and Vienna journals estimate the 
available fighting force of Turkey at about 700,000 well equipped 
and fearless men. If so, the war will not be a brief or feeble one. 
These considerations, however, are not sufficient to justify any 
American producer in gambling on the results of pending negotia¬ 
tions, by refusing to sell his farm products at the present remuner¬ 
ative prices; for the announcement of reconciliation and peace 
