234 Wisconsin state Agricultural Society. 
They may be secured until sprina^ in pits, and when freezing 
weather is past, they can be thrown upon the barn floor or in any 
other convenient place, and fed as required. If a man will but ob¬ 
serve how his own system craves, and is benefited by green food in 
the early spring, it will prepare him for sympathizing with his stock 
when he sees them gnawing the old tufts of frost bitten grass. 
I believe that no investment in crops will pay better than to raise 
as many roots as can be handled, even with some inconvenience. 
If especial arrangements can be made to accommodate them, so 
much the better. 
In raising roots, I find that good culture is indispensable; the 
ground should be plowed both in fall and spring. Deep plowing is 
very desirable, as the roots are likely to terminate abruptly when 
they reach the bottom of the furrow. I have derived great advant¬ 
age from double plowing. To do this to advantage requires two 
teams. The leading plow turns a good deep furrow; this is follow¬ 
ed by another plow set to run in the same furrow, but to as great a 
depth as is profitable for the team. I have a plow with a narrow, long 
and slanting mould board, w’hich I find useful for this business. It 
throws but little of the subsoil to the surface. In this way I can 
stir the ground to the depth of 12 or even 14 inches. In the spring 
the ground is plowed and thoroughly harrowed. It is then thrown 
into ridges about 30 inches apart. To do this I throw the first 
ridge into a dead furrow by going around with the team. I then 
drive with the near horse inthe furrow, tipping the plow into its 
land side, and setting the device so as to give the desired width. 
In this w^ay a ridge is made by a single passage of the plow. I 
made a wide, light harrow of 2x4 oak, set thickly with wooden teeth. 
It is drawn by one horse, with this I pass once in each furrow, so 
that each ridge is harrowed back and forth. This levels the top of 
the ridge, rolling the little lumps out into the furrow, leaving the 
surface in an undulating form, rather than in decided sharp ridges. 
It is now ready for the seed. I plant with a wheelbarrow drill at 
the rate of about five pounds of seed to the acre. A smaller quan¬ 
tity of good seed would still require a great deal of thinning out, 
but it is safer to seed heavily as the young plants assist each other 
in breaking the crust, provided the ground should be packed by 
heavy rains. 
The roller of the drill leaves a slight depression in the line of the 
