284 WISCONSIN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, 
A correct drainage plan, showing the different size of pipes used, 
the positions of bends and junctions, the site of syphon-traps and 
access pipes, the depth from the surface and the nature of the 
ground, should always be prepared when the drains are first laid 
down. This mav save much future inconvenience. Eassie’s Sani- 
tary Arrangements for Dwellings, pp. 21 to 27. 
DISPOSITION OF SEAVAGE. 
That the rivers of a town should not be converted into vast cess¬ 
pools, to breed poison for the slaying of its inhabitants, would 
seem too nearly axiomatic to require demonstration; and yet we 
find this to be the almost universal practice. 
London poured the effete matter from its thousand sewers into 
the Thames, till both river and atmosphere were reeking with 
sewage poison, and the horrified savans of Parliament were about 
taking themselves to some more favored locality, when Mr. Bazal- 
gette, a civil engineer of high repute, came to the rescue and de¬ 
vised a system of intercepting sewers, which should carry this en¬ 
gine of death to a point Avhence the daily ebb-tide would take it 
out to the ocean. 
Birmingham, in 1848, “ expended £200,000 in constructing sew¬ 
ers with their outlets into the rivers Rae and Tame, one of which 
is six feet and the other twelve feet wide. In 1858, the pollution 
had become so great that a chancery injunction was served upon 
the city to prevent the continuance of the evil.” 
Leeds polluted the waters of the River Ayr, in the same man¬ 
ner, till an injunction was served upon it also. 
Manchester, with a population of 356,000 discharged its sewage, 
up to a recent date, into the rivers Irwell, Irk and Medlock, until 
they “became filthy in the last degree.” Then came the health 
committee, trying all sorts of expedients to abate the nuisance. 
Notwithstanding the 200,000 francs per year which Paris pays 
for removing sewerage deposits from the bed of the Seine, it is 
still so seriously polluted as to call forth repeated remonstrances as 
to its condition. 
“ The city of Dublin, with a population of less than 300,000 in¬ 
habitants, situated similarly to Milwaukee, a river running through 
its centre, and all its sewers entering the river at various points 
along its quay or docks, was so afflicted with its bad odors and un- 
