WUAT HAS SCIENCE DONE FOR FARMERS? 
387 
Dr. Stephenson, of Indiana, in speaking of his own practical ex¬ 
perience, says: “ I purchased one hundred calves of all grades 
from scrubs to high grades, and a few thorough-breds, which I did 
not care to breed from; they were all summered and wintered to¬ 
gether, with the same care and same feed, when fifty-one choice 
steers were selected and sold which averaged 1,370 pounds each. 
Two short horns from these were found to weigh 1,570 lbs. and the 
other 1,600 lbs. or fourteen per cent, more than the whole lot in¬ 
cluding themselves. One of the scrubs was then reweighed and 
found to be only 1,150 pounds, or twenty-eight per cent, less than 
the short horns; the purchaser declared that the cash value of the 
short horns was at least thirty per cent, above the scrubs; this with 
twenty-eight per cent, would make fifty-eight per cent, in favor of the 
better breed. But this was not all, for a large portion of the scrubs 
was not then fit for beef. So much then where beef was the par¬ 
ticular branch of the husbandry where the farmer was to be bene¬ 
fited by his skill and practical knowledge of science. Now let us- 
compare again for milk. At the Togus farm in Maine, there are 
kept three herds of milch cows: The Holstein, the Natives, and 
the Jerseys which were considered some of the best of their kind. 
An accurate account of the weight of milk and cream was kept for 
the year, and the average pounds per day of milk was as follows: 
Holsteins was 15.82 pounds; Natives, 15.89, and the Jerseys 12.18 
pounds. The cream of the Holstein was found to be 9.03 per cent, 
of the milk, the native 9.82 per cent., and the Jerseys was found to 
be 16.16 per cent., while the cream from the Jerseys was found to 
be far richer in butter qualities than either of the others; and act¬ 
ual tests have shown that this breed of cows has made one pound 
of butter from twelve pounds of milk, or an average of 10|- pounds 
of butter per week for fifty consecutive weeks. Again another test 
was made. Fair Ayrshire cows were selected from a herd, which 
was noted for their milking qualities; the milk of each was weighed 
and kept by itself for a week, with the following results: No. 1 
took within a fraction of forty-eight pounds of milk for a pound of 
butter; Nos. 2 and 3 thirty-one pounds, and No. 4 twenty-five pounds 
of milk for a pound of butter. Instances have been given where 
cows would give from sixty to one hundred pounds of milk a day for 
weeks and months in succession, with an enormous yield of butter 
in proportion. Mr. Hazen, of Ladoga, Fond du Lac county, says 
