480 
WISCONSIN STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
The heating* of milk and then cooling it to obtain the cream, to¬ 
gether with the manufacture of the skimmed milk into cheese, is 
of ancient origin. It had been practiced in Devonshire, England, 
for more than a century, and hence no claim can be made of its be¬ 
ing an American idea. The English experimenters, years ago, pro¬ 
nounced it inferior to other methods then in common use, both as 
to quantity and quality of product. 
In closing the claims of American inventors, I must add two 
more names to the list, that of Dr. Sturtevant, of Massachusetts, 
who has made some original investigations in regard to the milk 
globules of cows of different breeds, while Dr. H. A. Mott, of New 
York city, has recently made some very interesting discoveries in 
comparing the milk of different races. His analyses show that the 
milk of the black race contains more milk solids than that of the 
Caucasian, particularly in milk, sugar, fat, and inorganic salts. The 
same rule also applies to brunettes, and it becomes an interesting 
question whether the color of animals is any indication as to the 
quality of milk yielded. 
CONCLUSION. 
In conclusion, a word may be offered in regard to the present 
status of American dairying. Commissioner Wells, in his celebrated 
report upon the “ Industry, Trade and Commerce of the United 
States,” for 1869, puts the value of the products from the dairy in 
the United States at $400,000,000 per annum. If that be correct 
for 1869, the annual product from dairy farms to-day must be at 
least $600,000,000. The New York Butter and Cheese Exchange 
estimates the annual butter crop at 1,400,000,000 pounds, which at 
thirty cents per pound would alone amount to $420,000,000. In 
my opinion, the Butter and Cheese Exchange has estimated the 
butter product too high, but it must not be far from 700,000,000 
pounds per annum. But when I say that the actual product from 
the dairy farms of the United States amounts to $600,000,000, it 
may not strike you with its full force. This amount will be better 
appreciated, perhaps, by a comparison. In 1860, the total indus¬ 
trial product arising from agriculture in the United States was es¬ 
timated at about $1,800,000,000; so that the dairy farms of the 
United States to-day produce a sum equal to one-third of the value 
of the entire production of agriculture, in all its branches, in 1860. 
